Determination of Estazolam in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Solid-Phase Extraction

Miura, Masatomo; Ohkubo, Tadashi; Sugawara, Kazunobu; Okuyama, Naoki; Otani, Koichi

doi:10.2116/analsci.18.525

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Samples were drawn every 20 min from 1200 to 1500 h and again at 1600 h via intravenous catheter placed in a forearm vein at 0900 h. Blood samples were immediately centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min, and the plasma was collected and frozen at À201C for later assay. Plasma concentrations of DZP and dmDZP were determined according to a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method previously described (Miura et al, 2002;Nagasaki et al, 1999) but with some modifications. The apparatus used for HPLC was the EP-300 chromatography pump (EICOM, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with an EICOM NOD-10 NOx detector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Loss, Sleepiness, and Impaired Performance after Diazepam Administration in Humans

Echizenya

Mishima

Satoh

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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In spite of the accumulation of knowledge regarding the neuropharmacological action of benzodiazepines (Bz), the physiological process by which their sedative/hypnotic effects are induced remains poorly understood. We conducted a single-blind, crossover trial to evaluate the role of the thermoregulatory process in sleepiness and impaired psychomotor performance induced by a standard Bz, diazepam (DZP). Each of the eight healthy young male volunteers (mean age, 19.75 years; range, 18-23 years) was given a single oral dose of either 5 or 10 mg of DZP or placebo 12 h after his average sleep onset time. Changes in plasma DZP concentration, proximal body temperature (p-BT), distal body temperature (d-BT), subjective sleepiness measured by the Visual Analog Scale and Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and psychomotor performance measured by Choice Reaction Time were monitored under a modified constant routine condition in which various factors affecting thermoregulation, alertness, and psychomotor performances were strictly controlled. Orally administered DZP induced a significant transient decrease in p-BT and psychomotor performance as well as an increase in d-BT and subjective sleepiness. DistalÀp-BT gradient (DPG; difference between d-BT and p-BT), which is an indicator of blood flow in distal skin regions, showed a strong positive correlation with the plasma DZP concentration, indicating that DZP in clinical doses promotes heat loss in a dose-dependent manner. The DPG also correlated positively with the magnitude of subjective sleepiness and impaired psychomotor performance. These findings indicate that the sedative/hypnotic effects of Bz could be due, at least in part, to changes in thermoregulation, especially in the process of heat loss, in humans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Loss, Sleepiness, and Impaired Performance after Diazepam Administration in Humans

Echizenya

Mishima

Satoh

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Samples were drawn every 20 min from 1200 h to 1500 h and again at 1600 h via intravenous catheter placed in a forearm vein at 0900 h. Blood samples were immediately centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min, and the plasma was collected and frozen at À208C for later assay. Plasma concentrations of DZP and dmDZP were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography as previously described (Miura et al, 2002;Nagasaki et al, 1999) but with some modifications. The quantification limit for both DZP and dmDZP was 1 ng/ml.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Plasma Concentrations Of Dzp and Desmethyldiazmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation between objective psychomotor impairment and subjective sleepiness after diazepam administration in the aged people

Echizenya

Mishima

Satoh

et al. 2007

Human Psychopharmacology

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The aim of the present study was to clarify whether subjective sleepiness accurately reflects benzodiazepine-related decline in psychomotor function after taking benzodiazepines (BZPs) in aged people. Subjects were eight healthy, young (mean age, 19.8 years) and seven healthy, older (mean age, 60.9 years) men. Placebo and diazepam (DZP) were administered orally in a single-blind crossover manner to the young subjects (placebo, 5 mg DZP and 10 mg DZP) and to the older subjects (placebo and 5 mg DZP). Plasma drug concentration, choice reaction time (CRT) as an objective measure of psychomotor function, and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) as a measure of subjective sleepiness were monitored every 20 min from 1000 until 1600 h, being the drug administered at 1200 h. Pharmacokinetic variables did not differ significantly between the two age groups. DZP at 10 mg in young subjects induced significant increases in both the CRT and SSS score. DZP at 5 mg induced no significant increase in SSS score in either age group but did induce a significant increase in CRT only in the older subjects that matched that in young subjects given 10 mg DZP. The older subjects suffered from dissociation between subjective sleepiness and objective psychomotor impairment under DZP treatment. Such individuals may underestimate the detrimental effects on brain function.

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“…Benzodiazepine estazolam(EST) is a potent, hypnotic prescription that is often used to treat insomnia. [1][2][3] According to China's national administrative regulations, illegal sales of excessive EST are equivalent to drug trafficking. Additionally, reports of cases on the use of EST for drug-induced sexual assaults still occur from time to time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previous literature reports, there are many methods for detecting estazolam, such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography (GC), and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] These methods can achieve excellent detection concentrations. However, the pre-conditions such as complicated pre-processing steps, long detection time and the unportable instrument cannot meet the requirements of real-time on-site detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid Detection Method for On-site Screening of Estazolam in Beverages with Au@Ag Core-shell Nanoparticles Paper-based SERS Substrate

et al. 2019

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Estazolam (EST) is a common sedative-hypnotic drug with a risk of abuse. Therefore, rapid on-site detection of EST is necessary to control the abuse of EST. In this paper, a fast, simple, and sensitive method is demonstrated for the detection of EST in both water and beverages that use surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) techniques. Au @Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) assembled on the filter paper as a SERS substrate exhibit good applicability and practicality. At the same time, density functional theory (DFT) is used to assign the vibration mode of the EST molecules, which guides for subsequent experiments. The lowest detectable concentration of EST in aqueous solution can be as low as 5 mg/L, and signal uniformity is excellent (RSD687 = 5.56%, RSD1000 = 4.35%). In addition, EST components artificially added to orange juice and pomegranate juice can be effectively detected by simple pretreatment with a minimum detection concentration as low as 10 mg / L. Therefore, the use of Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles paper-based SERS substrate provides a quick and easy method for the detection of illegally added drugs in beverages.

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Determination of Estazolam in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Solid-Phase Extraction

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Heat Loss, Sleepiness, and Impaired Performance after Diazepam Administration in Humans

Heat Loss, Sleepiness, and Impaired Performance after Diazepam Administration in Humans

Dissociation between objective psychomotor impairment and subjective sleepiness after diazepam administration in the aged people

A Rapid Detection Method for On-site Screening of Estazolam in Beverages with Au@Ag Core-shell Nanoparticles Paper-based SERS Substrate

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