Determination of ethanol in gasohol by infrared spectrometry

Battiste, David R.; Fry, Slaton E.; White, F. Tom.; Scoggins, M. W.; McWilliams, Ted B.

doi:10.1021/ac00230a039

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…17,26 Straightforward approaches for quantifying IR spectra make use of the Beer-Lambert relation, which states a linear relationship between absorbance and the concentration of a target substance. For example, Battiste et al 16 utilized the ethanol peaks at 880 and 1050 cm -1 to determine the ethanol content in gasoline/alcohol blends. Balabin et al 15 used the OH stretching band for this purpose.…”

Section: Quantitative Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, IR and near-IR spectroscopy was mainly used for determining the ethanol content in gasoline in a small number of studies. [15][16][17] In this paper, we analyze the IR spectra of ethanol/gasoline blends across the full composition range, i.e. from pure ethanol to pure gasoline surrogate in systematically varied concentration steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of gasoline/ethanol blends by infrared and excess infrared spectroscopy

Corsetti

Zehentbauer

McGloin

et al. 2015

Fuel

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Fuels for automotive propulsion are frequently blends of conventional gasoline and ethanol.However, the effects of adding an alcohol to a petrochemical fuel are yet to be fully understood. We report Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of ethanol/gasoline mixtures with systematically varied composition. Frequencies shifts and excess infrared absorbance are analyzed in order to investigate the mixture behavior at the molecular level.The spectroscopic data suggest that the hydrogen bonding between ethanol molecules is weakened upon gasoline addition, but the hydrogen bonds do not disappear. This can be explained by a formation of small ethanol clusters that interact via Van der Waals forces with the surrounding gasoline molecules. Furthermore, approaches for measuring the chemical composition of ethanol/gasoline blends by FTIR are discussed. For a simplistic approach based on the Beer-Lambert relation, an optimized set of parameters for quantitative measurements are determined. The best compromise between measurement sensitivity and accuracy is found for the CO stretching mode of the alcohol. For the traditional method of calibrating the ratio of integrated band intensities of the CH and OH stretching regions it is found that narrowing the spectral window of the CH stretch can significantly improve the measurement sensitivity.

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Section: Quantitative Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of gasoline/ethanol blends by infrared and excess infrared spectroscopy

Corsetti

Zehentbauer

McGloin

et al. 2015

Fuel

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These techniques involve the separation of mixtures of compounds by differential rates of elution by passing through a chromatographic column, governed by their distribution between a mobile and a stationary phase. Infrared spectroscopy has been reported for quantitative analysis of ethanol and methanol in fuels by using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) (Battiste, 1981) and Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) (Fernandes et al, 2008). 17 O nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 17 O NMR) was used for the quantification of oxygenated additives in gasoline (Lonnon & Hook, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methods for Determining Automotive Fuel Composition

Gruber¹,

Lippi²,

Li³

et al. 2011

New Trends and Developments in Automotive System Engineering

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“…Such quantitative measurements were the aim whenever mixtures containing real gasoline were investigated spectroscopically. For this purpose, the intensity ratio method was found suitable for evaluating Raman [110] and IR [111][112][113] spectra. For analyzing NIR spectra of ethanol-gasoline mixtures, partial least squares was the method of choice [114].…”

Section: Blends With Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Characterization of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels by Vibrational Spectroscopy

Kiefer

2015

Energies

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Most commercial gaseous and liquid fuels are mixtures of multiple chemical compounds. In recent years, these mixtures became even more complicated when the suppliers started to admix biofuels into the petrochemical basic fuels. As the properties of such mixtures can vary with composition, there is a need for reliable analytical technologies in order to ensure stable operation of devices such as internal combustion engines and gas turbines. Vibrational spectroscopic methods have proved their suitability for fuel characterization. Moreover, they have the potential to overcome existing limitations of established technologies, because they are fast and accurate, and they do not require sampling; hence they can be deployed as inline sensors. This article reviews the recent advances of vibrational spectroscopy in terms of infrared absorption (IR) and Raman spectroscopy in the context of fuel characterization. The focus of the paper lies on gaseous and liquid fuels, which are dominant in the transportation sector and in the distributed generation of power. On top of an introduction to the physical principles and review of the literature, the techniques are critically discussed and compared with each other.

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Determination of ethanol in gasohol by infrared spectrometry

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of gasoline/ethanol blends by infrared and excess infrared spectroscopy

Characterization of gasoline/ethanol blends by infrared and excess infrared spectroscopy

Analytical Methods for Determining Automotive Fuel Composition

Recent Advances in the Characterization of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels by Vibrational Spectroscopy

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