Determination of Fentanyl in Sweat and Hair of a Patient using Transdermal Patches

Abstract

IFentanyl is a synthetic opioid used to treat intense chronic pain. In this study, the authors report detection and quantification of fentanyl in sweat and hair of a patient receiving fentanyl (25 pg/h) via a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) for 22 days. Sweat was collected using sweat patches every night on days 13-21 of the therapy, and hair was collected 12 weeks after the end of the treatment. Detection and quantification was performed wffh liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using electron spray ionization in selected reaclion monitoring mode. Alfentanyl was used as internal standard for quantification in hair and in sweat. Sodium ions have been used as endogenous internal reference for determination of volume of sweat excreted on each patch. Results show presence of fentanyl in both matrices. Fentanyl concentrations in sweat varied from 0.17 to 1.02 ng/pL, and timeresolved segmented hair analysis showed a maximum fentanyl concentration of 0.48 ng/mg of hair during the period of the therapy.

Environmental footprint of pharmaceuticals: The significance of factors beyond direct excretion to sewers

“…In this case, the majority of the dose that is excreted might be excreted via sweat rather than urine. Schneider et al [41] calculated the amount of fentanyl excreted via sweat as ranging from 19 to 150 mg/d, which translates to 3 to 25% of the total daily dose (600 mg). Relative to the amount imputed to be excreted in the urine (8%), the relative amount contributed by sweat would have ranged from 40 to 300%.…”

“…With the data of Schneider et al [41], a series of calculations were made using a different approach. The minimum mass of fentanyl excreted per day via sweat could be calculated from the minimum amount found on a sweat patch (5.7 ng) and with 1.5 m 2 as the body skin surface area.…”

Time resolved analysis of risperidone and 9-hydroxy-risperidone in hair using LC/MS-MS

“…Hair treatment and extraction is based on a method published by Schneider et al [8]. Hair specimens were washed with deionized water and acetone for 5 min, respectively.…”

“…The calibration curves were obtained by plotting the response ratio of RSP and 9-OH-RSP versus methaqualone as a function of the concentration of RSP and 9-OH-RSP. Validation experiments (specificity, interferences, interday and intraday precision and accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification, extraction yield, interferences and ion suppression) were performed as described earlier [8]. The following substances have been tested for interferences: prothipendyl, clopixol, diazepam and metabolites, procyclidine (these substances were used by the patients), salicylic acid and paracetamol.…”

Noninvasive profiling of sweat‐derived lipid mediators for cutaneous research

“…Such an approach can be confounded by diseases that affect sweat electrolyte content such as cystic fibrosis and adrenal insufficiency, and can be influenced to a lesser degree by individual diets (particularly sodium intake) (79, 80). To date, few studies that have attempted to normalize sweat analyte concentrations using detected sweat electrolyte levels (81, 82). Chemical isotope labelling of sweat patches has been proposed as an alternative normalization strategy (83), and it may also be possible to normalize to the sample volume if a liquid sweat sample can be collected and the entire sample is analyzed (18).…”