Determination of Ferulic Acid in Angelica sinensis by Temperature-Controlled Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids-Based Ultrasound/Heating-Assisted Extraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Hydrophilic ionic liquids are often used to extract the active ingredients of medicinal plants, while hydrophobic ionic liquids are rarely used to directly extract solid samples. In this paper, a simple, novel and efficient temperature-controlled hydrophobic ionic liquids-based ultrasound/heating-assisted extraction (TC-ILs-UHAE) procedure coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed and applied to the determination of ferulic acid (FA) in Chinese herbal medicine Angelica sinensis. During the extraction procedure, hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) were dispersed into water to form cloudy solution (fine droplets) with the aid of ultrasound and heating simultaneous. After extraction, phase separation was easily achieved by centrifuging at 0 °C. Among all ILs used, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide ([C4mim]NTf2) exhibited the highest extraction ability and the possible extraction mechanism was discussed. Additionally, the synergistic effect of heating and ultrasound on the extraction efficiency was investigated. Under the optimized conditions, a good linearity was observed with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9995. The limit of detection of FA (LOD, S/N = 3) was 9.6 µg/L and the spiked recoveries of FA for real samples were in the range of 91.67 to 102.00% with relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 3.87%. Compared with the traditional extraction methods, the proposed method gave the highest yield of FA and had the shortest extraction time. Therefore, this method is a potential simple, green and highly efficient technique and expected to be applied to the extraction of other bioactive ingredients in medicinal plants.

Bioinspired chitosan based functionalization of biomedical implant surfaces for enhanced hemocompatibility, antioxidation and anticoagulation potential: an in silico and in vitro study

“…vulgare and A. sinensis loaded films CD15 and CF15, respectively flaunted the presence of drug particles on the surface as well as inside the polymeric matrix. The particles on the surface of CD15 had small, round and protruding shape which were similar to the appearance of particles of pure A. sinensis described by Wu et al 76 From literature, it was found that the essential oils of F . vulgare were not compatible with chitosan-based films because it damaged the surface and made small pores.…”

Therapeutic Mechanisms of Medicine and Food Homology Formula Xiao-Ke-Yin on Glucolipid Metabolic Dysfunction Revealed by Transcriptomics, Metabolomics and Microbiomics in mice

“…Diels, and ferulic acid is a marker content used to determine the quality of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia [44]. In a recent study, Qi et al investigated the effect of ferulic acid on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy rats and found that ferulic acid improved in ammation, oxidative stress, reduced FBG, TC and TG, as well as attenuated podocyte injury [45].…”

Therapeutic mechanisms of the medicine and food homology formula Xiao-Ke-Yin on glucolipid metabolic dysfunction revealed by transcriptomics, metabolomics and microbiomics in mice

“…Diels , and ferulic acid is a marker content used to determine the quality of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia [ 42 ]. In a recent study, Qi et al investigated the effect of ferulic acid on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy rats and found that ferulic acid improved inflammation and oxidative stress, reduced FBG, TC and TG, and attenuated podocyte injury [ 43 ].…”