Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotic residues in the plasma of Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) in Spain

Casas-Díaz, Encarna; Cristòfol, Carles; Cuenca, Rafaela; Agustı́, Susana; Carneiro, Manuela; Marco, Ignasi; Lavı́n, Santiago; Margalida, Antoni

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.083

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Among all the antibiotics analyzed, enrofloxacin is the most commonly used for livestock, ranking as second most common product registered for veterinary use in Spain, after amoxicillin [45]. This quinolone was also detected in similar frequencies (69%) in a previous study in nestlings of the same species and study area sampled in 2013 (56%, n = 25) [6] and in full-grown vultures from Catalonia (67%, n = 61) and Navarra (64%, n = 45), Northern Spain, [17]. However, ciprofloxacin, the metabolite of enrofloxacin, was also detected and even quantified in both cited studies [6,17] and in other studies that determined the occurrence of quinolones in avian scavengers [13,15].…”

Section: Application To Field Samples From Wild Vulturessupporting

confidence: 69%

“…As a consequence, there is an increasing interest in the risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in scavenger species. To date, several compounds have been found in these species, including residues of antibiotics [13,[15][16][17], antiparasitics [18] and other drugs identified in plasma and tissues as cause of death (e.g., pentobarbital [19,20], ketoprofen [21] and flunixin [19,22]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of Multi-Residue Method for Quantification of Antibiotics and NSAIDs in Avian Scavengers by Using Small Amounts of Plasma in HPLC-MS-TOF

Gómez‐Ramírez

Blanco

García-Fernández

2020

IJERPH

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Pharmaceuticals are still considered emerging pollutants affecting both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Scavenging bird species may be exposed to veterinary drugs when they feed on livestock carcasses provided at supplementary feeding stations, as these are often stocked with ailing and/or recently medicated animals. Because those animals may be a source of several different pharmaceutical compounds, analytical methods to evaluate residue levels and exposure potential should enable detection and quantification of as many different compounds as possible, preferably from small sample volumes. Four different extraction methods were tested to conduct HPLC-MS-TOF analysis of some of the most common veterinary drugs used in livestock in Spain. The method deemed most viable was a simple extraction, using methanol and 100 µL of plasma, that allowed quantification of seven antibiotics (tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim, sulfadiazine) and five nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (meloxicam, flunixin, carprofen, tolfenamic acid, phenylbutazone). The method was then applied to analysis of 29 Eurasian griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) nestling samples, wherein enrofloxacin and tolfenamic acid were most commonly detected (69% and 20%, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first study including NSAIDs in the exposure assessment of different classes of veterinary pharmaceuticals in live avian scavengers.

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Section: Application To Field Samples From Wild Vulturessupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Multi-Residue Method for Quantification of Antibiotics and NSAIDs in Avian Scavengers by Using Small Amounts of Plasma in HPLC-MS-TOF

Gómez‐Ramírez

Blanco

García-Fernández

2020

IJERPH

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“…In wild birds, for example, environmental pollution has become a threat to top predators and/or scavengers due to bioaccumulation and transfer along the food chain [32, 33]. To date, fluoroquinolone antibiotic residues have been identified in the Eurasian griffon vulture Gyps fulvus [34], the cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus and Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus [35] and the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos [33]. Such broad-spectrum antimicrobials alter the normal microbiome of birds, with adverse health consequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive toxicity of fluoroquinolones in birds

et al. 2019

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Background While commercial poultry and captive birds are exposed to antimicrobials through direct medication, environmental pollution may result in contamination of wild birds. Fluoroquinolones are commonly used medications to treat severe avian bacterial infections; however, their adverse effects on birds remain understudied. Here, we examine toxicity of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin during the egg incubation period using the chicken ( Gallus Gallus domesticus ) as a model avian species. Laboratory tests were based on eggs injected with 1, 10 and 100 μg of fluoroquinolones per 1 g of egg weight prior to the start of incubation and monitoring of chick blood biochemistry, reproductive parameters and heart rate during incubation. Results Eggs treated with fluoroquinolones displayed reduced hatchability due to embryonic mortality, particularly on day 13 of incubation. Total hatching success showed a similar pattern, with a significantly reduced hatchability in low and high exposure groups treated with both enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin. From 15 to 67% of chicks hatching in these groups exhibited joint deformities. Hatching one-day pre-term occurred with a prevalence of 31 to 70% in all groups treated with fluoroquinolones. Embryonic heart rate, measured on days 13 and 19 of incubation, increased in all enrofloxacin-treated groups and medium and high dose groups of marbofloxacin-treated eggs. Blood biochemistry of chicks sampled at hatch from medium dose groups showed hypoproteinaemia, decreased uric acid and increased triglycerides. Chicks from the enrofloxacin-treated group displayed mild hyperglycaemia and a two-fold rise in the blood urea nitrogen to uric acid ratio. Principal components analysis based on blood biochemistry clearly separated the control bird cluster from both enrofloxacin- and marbofloxacin-treated birds. Conclusions Fluoroquinolones induce complex adverse effects on avian embryonic development, considerably reducing the performance of incubated eggs and hatching chicks. Cardiotoxicity, which quickens embryonic heart rate, meant that the total number of heart beats required for embryogenesis was achieved earlier than in the standard incubation period, resulting in pre-term hatching. Our data suggest that enrofloxacin has a higher potential for adverse effects than marbofloxacin. To conclude, care should be taken to prevent exposure of reproducing birds and their eggs to fluoroquinolones. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1957-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Further analysis of diet of pairs that fail would be necessary to study if feeding of landfills could favour reproduction in our area. However, landfills can also act as a threat as they represent a source of food that potentially contains pollutants and poisons [ 76 – 79 ]. Moreover, the presence of the species in highly humanized areas where landfills are found could also entail an increase in the risk of fatal casualties due to collisions with power lines and other infrastructures [ 80 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the applicability of stable isotope analysis to determine the contribution of landfills to vultures’ diet

et al. 2018

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Human activities cause changes to occur in the environment that affect resource availability for wildlife. The increase in the human population of cities has led to a rise in the amount of waste deposited in landfills, installations that have become a new food resource for both pest and threatened species such as vultures. In this study we used stable isotope analysis (SIA) and conventional identification of food remains from Egyptian Vultures (Neophron percnopterus) to assess the applicability of SIA as a new tool for determining the composition of the diets of vultures, a group of avian scavengers that is threatened worldwide. We focused on an expanding Egyptian Vulture population in NE Iberian Peninsula to determine the part played by landfills and livestock in the diet of these species, and aimed to reduce the biases associated with conventional ways of identifying food remains. We compared proportions of diet composition obtained with isotope mixing models and conventional analysis for five main prey. The greatest agreement between the two methods was in the categories ‘landfills’ and ‘birds’ and the greatest differences between the results from the two methods were in the categories ‘livestock’, ‘carnivores’ and ‘wild herbivores’. Despite uncertainty associated to SIA, our results showed that stable isotope analysis can help to distinguish between animals that rely on waste and so present enriched levels of δ 13C than those that feed on the countryside. Indeed, a high proportion of food derived from landfills (nearly 50%) was detected in some breeding pairs. Furthermore we performed GLMM analyses that showed that high values of δ 13C in Egyptian Vulture feathers (a proxy of feeding in landfills) are related with high levels of humanization of territories. This method has the potential to be applied to other threatened vulture species for which there is a lack of information regarding resources they are consuming, being especially important as the main causes of vultures decline worldwide are related to the consumption and availability of food resources.

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Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotic residues in the plasma of Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) in Spain

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Validation of Multi-Residue Method for Quantification of Antibiotics and NSAIDs in Avian Scavengers by Using Small Amounts of Plasma in HPLC-MS-TOF

Validation of Multi-Residue Method for Quantification of Antibiotics and NSAIDs in Avian Scavengers by Using Small Amounts of Plasma in HPLC-MS-TOF

Reproductive toxicity of fluoroquinolones in birds

Assessing the applicability of stable isotope analysis to determine the contribution of landfills to vultures’ diet

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