Determination of fluoroquinolones in edible animal tissue samples by high performance liquid chromatography after solid phase extraction

Abstract

In the present work, a rapid, accurate, and sensitive method has been developed for the quantitative determination of five fluoroquinolones (enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin) in edible animal tissues (muscle tissue, liver, kidney, and eggs). The separation was accomplished on an Inertsil (250 x 4 mm) C8, 5 microm, analytical column, at ambient temperature within 15 min. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of citric acid (0.4 mol L(-1))-CH3OH-CH3CN (87:9:4% v/v). UV detection at 275 nm yielded the following limits of detection: 100 pg per 20 microL injected volume for enoxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, 20 pg for ofloxacin, and 200 pg for enrofloxacin. Peaks in real samples were identified by means of a photodiode array detector. The method was validated in terms of intra-day (n = 8) and inter-day (n = 8) precision and accuracy. Tissue samples were purified from endogenous interference by solid-phase extraction using Oasis HLB cartridges. The solid-phase extraction protocol was optimized in terms of retention and elution. Recovery rates at fortification levels of 40, 60, and 80 ng/g ranged from 82.5% to 111.1%. The applicability of the method was examined using real samples from a chicken treated orally with the five studied fluoroquinolones.

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) Contamination Does Not Correlate with Occurrence of FQ-Resistant Bacteria in Aquatic Environments of Vietnam and Thailand

“…Furthermore, a resistance even to novel synthetic antibiotics is known to develop rapidly (6,19). Fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) are typical fully synthetic antibiotics, widely used in humans, animals, and fish (15,23,31,53). FQs have been detected frequently in a variety of aquatic environments (13,14,40).…”

Development and validation of an HPLC confirmatory method for residue analysis of ten quinolones in tissues of various food‐producing animals, according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC

“…Lichrolut RP-18 cartridges provided higher recovery rates. Elution was based on a previous publication of the authors [13]. The protocol was also optimized as far as it concerns the extraction solvent and the times of sequential extractions.…”

“…Delepine et al [10] and Choma [11] have proposed methods for the determination of six fluoroquinolones. Gigosos [12] and Samanidou et al [13] have proposed a method for the determination of five quinolones. There are also studies that have published techniques for the separation and the determination of four [14,15], three [16], two [17 -28], and one quinolone [29 -34].…”

Development of an HPLC multi‐residue method for the determination of ten quinolones in bovine liver and porcine kidney according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC

“…Most of the above mentioned meth-ods use fluorescence detection [4,13,15,18] or fluorescence detection coupled either with a photodiode array detector [14] or with an MS detector [9]. Two methods involve the use of photodiode array detector [6,12], one method applies UV detection [11], and three apply mass spectrometry [5,7,10].…”