Determination of formaldehyde in biological tissues by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Heck, Henry d’A.; White, Earl L.; Casanova-Schmitz, Mercedes

doi:10.1002/bms.1200090808

Cited by 119 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A method of headspace gas chromatography revealed that the concentrations of FA in human urine were between 0.019 and 0.048 mM [34]. Moreover, the endogenous FA concentrations in brain samples of control mice detected in the current study were approximately 0.27 mM, which is consistent with the previous reports using HPLC-Fluo [20], HPLC-UV [19], and GC–MS [17]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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A Sensitive and Rapid Method for Detecting Formaldehyde in Brain Tissues

Yue

Zhang²,

Wen³

et al. 2017

Analytical Cellular Pathology

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The existing methods for detecting formaldehyde (FA) in brain samples are expensive and require sophisticated experimental procedures. Here, we established a highly sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method, which is based on a reaction in which FA reacts with colorless reagent 4-amino-3-penten-2-one (Fluoral-P) to produce a yellow compound, 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL), which can be detected by a spectrophotometer at 420 nm at room temperature. The sensitive response time point was found to be at the first hour, and the optimal pH of derivative reaction was pH 6.0. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantization (LOQ) for detecting FA were 0.5 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively. Using this method, an abnormally high level of FA was detected in both the brains of FA-injected mice and autopsy hippocampus tissues from patients with Alzheimer's disease. This finding suggests that the modified Fluoral-P method is effective for measuring levels of FA in the brains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The earliest determination method for measuring FA in brain tissues (~0.16–0.24 mM) was carried out using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) [17]. Another sensitive method, developed for the detection of FA in the liver, utilized high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultra violet detector (HPLC-UV) [18, 19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sensitive and Rapid Method for Detecting Formaldehyde in Brain Tissues

Yue

Zhang²,

Wen³

et al. 2017

Analytical Cellular Pathology

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“…In particular, the concentration of endogenous formaldehyde was detected at ~0.1 mM in the blood of rats, monkeys, and humans (22,44–46). In addition, endogenous formaldehyde was found to be 2–4 times higher in the liver and nasal mucosa than in the blood of a rat (47). Endogenous formaldehyde is also formed in cellular nuclei, secondary to demethylation of histone III (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Endogenous versus Exogenous Formaldehyde–Induced DNA–Protein Crosslinks in Animal Tissues by Stable Isotope Labeling and Ultrasensitive Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2016

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DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) arise from a wide range of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, such as chemotherapeutic drugs and formaldehyde. Importantly, recent identification of aldehydes as endogenous genotoxins in Fanconi anemia has provided new insight into disease causation. Due to their bulky nature, DPCs pose severe threats to genome stability, but previous methods to measure formaldehyde-induced DPCs were incapable of discriminating between endogenous and exogenous sources of chemical. In this study, we developed methods that provide accurate and distinct measurements of both exogenous and endogenous DPCs in a structurally-specific manner. We exposed experimental animals to stable isotope-labeled formaldehyde ([13CD2]-formaldehyde) by inhalation and performed ultrasensitive mass spectrometry to measure endogenous (unlabeled) and exogenous (13CD2-labeled) DPCs. We found that exogenous DPCs readily accumulated in nasal respiratory tissues, but were absent in tissues distant to the site of contact. This observation together with the finding that endogenous formaldehyde-induced DPCs were present in all tissues examined suggests that endogenous DPCs may be responsible for increased risks of bone marrow toxicity and leukemia. Furthermore, the slow rate of DPC repair provided evidence for persistence of DPCs. In conclusion, our method for measuring endogenous and exogenous DPCs presents a new perspective for the potential health risks inflicted by endogenous formaldehyde, and may inform improved disease prevention and treatment strategies.

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“…This indirect effect of HCHO could be the cause of the higher prevalence of asthma and chronic bronchitis found among children exposed to this toxicant [2], Potential mechanisms by which HCHO may facilitate sensitization to high-molecular-weight allergens include in creased permeability of respiratory epithelium and destruc tion of suppressive immunological barriers. From the stud ies on mice and rats it is already known that inhaled HCHO is deposited in the nasal cavity 10-100 times more efficient ly than in other tissues [15]. Changes in the integrity of the upper respiratory tract epithelium are observed in the stud ies employing different animal species.…”

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confidence: 96%

Increased IgE Antiovalbumin Level in Mice Exposed to Formaldehyde

Tarkowski

Górski²

1995

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The effect of formaldehyde exposure on the sensitization of mice to ovalbumin was investigated. Significantly increased IgE antiovalbumin titers were found in mice sensitized intranasally to ovalbumin and exposed for 10 days to 2 mg/m³ of formaldehyde. In contrast, mice not exposed to formaldehyde or exposed once a week produced low levels of this antibody. The exposure of mice, sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin, to formaldehyde did not increase sensitization. It was concluded that formaldehyde facilitates sensitization of mice to ovalbumin by changes that occur in the respiratory tract.

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Determination of formaldehyde in biological tissues by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Cited by 119 publications

References 22 publications

A Sensitive and Rapid Method for Detecting Formaldehyde in Brain Tissues

A Sensitive and Rapid Method for Detecting Formaldehyde in Brain Tissues

Measurement of Endogenous versus Exogenous Formaldehyde–Induced DNA–Protein Crosslinks in Animal Tissues by Stable Isotope Labeling and Ultrasensitive Mass Spectrometry

Increased IgE Antiovalbumin Level in Mice Exposed to Formaldehyde

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