Determination of Formaldehyde Levels in 100 Furniture Workshops in Ankara

Vaizoğlu, Songül Acar; Aycan, Sefer; Akın, Levent; Koçdor, Pelin; Pamukçu, Gül; Muhsinoglu, Orkun; Özer, Feyza; Evci, E. Didem; Güler, Çağatay

doi:10.1620/tjem.207.157

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The concentration was also higher than that found by Kenneth Chung et al [1], who reported an air concentration of free formaldehyde from MDF of <0.17 mg/m 3 , and was also higher than the result found by Vaizoğlu et al [21] at 0.6 ppm (SD 0.3). According to this study, the working department that had the highest concentration of formaldehyde was the clearing department, where the tasks required polishing the wood surface and spreading glue on the board.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…The standard concentration of formaldehyde set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is 0.75 ppm [20]. A study conducted by Vaizoğlu et al [21] indicated that the concentration of formaldehyde at 100 furniture factories in Japan was 0.6 ppm (SD 0.3). However, the concentration of formaldehyde in the Southeast Asian region is usually higher than the permissible exposure limits (PELs) mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory Symptoms due to Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and MDF Dust in a MDF Furniture Factory in Eastern Thailand

Thetkathuek

Yingratanasuk

Ekburanawat

2016

Advances in Preventive Medicine

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The study aimed to investigate factors associated with respiratory symptoms in workers in a medium-density fiberboard (MDF) furniture factory in Eastern Thailand. Data were collected from 439 employees exposed to formaldehyde and MDF dust using questionnaire and personal sampler (Institute of Occupational Medicine; IOM). The average concentration of formaldehyde from MDF dust was 2.62 ppm (SD 367), whereas the average concentration of MDF dust itself was 7.67 mg/m3 (SD 3.63). Atopic allergic history was a factor associated with respiratory irritation symptoms and allergic symptoms among the workers exposed to formaldehyde and were associated with respiratory irritation symptoms and allergic symptoms among those exposed to MDF dust. Exposure to MDF dust at high level (>5 mg/m3) was associated with respiratory irritation symptoms and allergic symptoms. Excluding allergic workers from the study population produced the same kind of results in the analysis as in all workers. The symptoms were associated with the high concentrations of formaldehyde and MDF dust in this factory. If the concentration of MDF dust was >5 mg/m3, the risk of irritation and allergic symptoms in the respiratory system increased. The respiratory health of the employees with atopic allergic history exposed to formaldehyde and MDF dust should be monitored closely.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Symptoms due to Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and MDF Dust in a MDF Furniture Factory in Eastern Thailand

Thetkathuek

Yingratanasuk

Ekburanawat

2016

Advances in Preventive Medicine

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“…We are not aware of any other published data on such worst-case measurements of formaldehyde in particleboard industries. Full-shift measurements of formaldehyde in wood processing industries ranged from 0.5 to 1.52 ppm in Iran 34) and from 0.02 to 2.2 ppm in Turkey 35) , while mean area concentration of formaldehyde varied from 0.03 mg/m 3 to 0.31 mg/m 3 in Finland 36) . In an American study, short term formaldehyde level varied from 0.28 to 3.48 ppm 5) , and a geometric mean of 0.06 ppm was recorded in New Zealand 37) .…”

Section: Environmental and Occupational Health Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to inhalable dust, endotoxin and formaldehyde in factories processing particleboards from eucalyptus trees in Ethiopia

Asgedom

Bråtveit

Schlünssen

et al. 2020

EOH-P

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Objectives: Eucalyptus trees are used in the particleboard wood industry in Ethiopia. Dust and chemicals from this production may cause respiratory health problems, but the exposure levels have not been studied previously. The aim of this study was to assess workers' exposure to inhalable dust, endotoxin, and formaldehyde in the two largest particleboard factories in Ethiopia, and compare the results with occupational exposure limits. Methods: A total of 152 inhalable dust and endotoxin samples were collected using a conductive plastic inhalable conical sampler (CIS), in addition to 45 formaldehyde samples using Dräger tubes for collection in two particleboard factories in Ethiopia. Linear mixed models were used to identify exposure determinants. Results: The geometric mean (GM) of inhalable dust exposure was 4.66 mg/m 3 and 93% of the samples were above the threshold limit value of 1 mg/ m 3 . For endotoxin exposure GM was 62.2 EU/m 3 , and 41% of samples were above the recommended occupational limit value of 90 EU/m 3 . Formaldehyde was added in a blending section of the production line, and the formaldehyde level was highest here (3.5 ppm). The level decreased at the workstations following blending, and 13% of the formaldehyde samples were above the peak exposure limit value of 1.0 ppm. Conclusions: The findings revealed exposure levels higher than recommended for inhalable dust, endotoxin, and formaldehyde in the particleboard factories. A reduction in dust, endotoxin, and formaldehyde exposure levels in these workplaces is recommended. We also recommend provision of proper personal protective equipment.

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“…Thus, workers are exposed to a complex mixture of pollutants; in most cases on a repeated daily basis. Control measures to reduce inhalation exposure may be ineffective or even absent [ 1 ], and high air pollutant concentrations may occur [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are only few studies considering occupational airborne exposure levels in small-scale workshops [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], excluding studies in car repair shops. The exposure risk related to specific processes can be estimated qualitatively using industrial exposure studies, but the exposure levels are likely to be different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Airborne Particles and Volatile Organic Compounds from Polyurethane Molding, Spray Painting, Lacquering, and Gluing in a Workshop

Mølgaard

Viitanen

Kangas

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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Due to the health risk related to occupational air pollution exposure, we assessed concentrations and identified sources of particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a handcraft workshop producing fishing lures. The work processes in the site included polyurethane molding, spray painting, lacquering, and gluing. We measured total VOC (TVOC) concentrations and particle size distributions at three locations representing the various phases of the manufacturing and assembly process. The mean working-hour TVOC concentrations in three locations studied were 41, 37, and 24 ppm according to photo-ionization detector measurements. The mean working-hour particle number concentration varied between locations from 3000 to 36,000 cm−3. Analysis of temporal and spatial variations of TVOC concentrations revealed that there were at least four substantial VOC sources: spray gluing, mold-release agent spraying, continuous evaporation from various lacquer and paint containers, and either spray painting or lacquering (probably both). The mold-release agent spray was indirectly also a major source of ultrafine particles. The workers’ exposure can be reduced by improving the local exhaust ventilation at the known sources and by increasing the ventilation rate in the area with the continuous source.

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Determination of Formaldehyde Levels in 100 Furniture Workshops in Ankara

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Respiratory Symptoms due to Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and MDF Dust in a MDF Furniture Factory in Eastern Thailand

Respiratory Symptoms due to Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and MDF Dust in a MDF Furniture Factory in Eastern Thailand

Exposure to inhalable dust, endotoxin and formaldehyde in factories processing particleboards from eucalyptus trees in Ethiopia

Exposure to Airborne Particles and Volatile Organic Compounds from Polyurethane Molding, Spray Painting, Lacquering, and Gluing in a Workshop

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