Determination of furfurals in Manuka honey using piston-cylinder liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography

Piston-cylinder based micro liquid–liquid extraction with GC–qMS for trace analysis of targeted chlorinated organic compounds in water

“…Based on 6% cyanopropyl phenyl and 94% dimethyl polysiloxane, the DB-624UI Ultra Inert offers some important D r a f t performance advantages in that its polymer structure facilitates immobilization via both crosslinking and surface bonding, and the polymer used as a stationary phase is clean, free of any monomers and catalysts. The unique selectivity of this stationary phase affords excellent separation of the target compounds as well as other known chlorinated overlapping pairs that would have co-eluted on a 100% dimethyl polysiloxane stationary phase like 1,1,2trichloroethylene and bromodichloroethane, and on a 14% cyanopropyl phenyl 86% dimethyl polysiloxane stationary phase (DB-1701) like chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane [25][26][27]. This column stationary phase was found to be highly suitable for use with chlorinated compound analysis with a respectable thermal stability temperature of up to 260 o C [25][26][27].…”

“…The unique selectivity of this stationary phase affords excellent separation of the target compounds as well as other known chlorinated overlapping pairs that would have co-eluted on a 100% dimethyl polysiloxane stationary phase like 1,1,2trichloroethylene and bromodichloroethane, and on a 14% cyanopropyl phenyl 86% dimethyl polysiloxane stationary phase (DB-1701) like chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane [25][26][27]. This column stationary phase was found to be highly suitable for use with chlorinated compound analysis with a respectable thermal stability temperature of up to 260 o C [25][26][27]. Figure 4 shows an overlay of reconstructed chromatograms with a duplicate analysis of a 2.5 ng/mL standard mixture in SIM mode, demonstrating peak symmetries for all compounds of greater than 0.98 based on UPS tailing factor with a low column bleed profile at elevated temperature.…”

Ultra-trace analysis of furanic compounds in transformer/rectifier oils with water extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography

“…These degradation processes result in the depolymerization of cellulose, often referred to as chain scission, yielding glucose or degraded forms of glucose. Glucose will further breaks down, depending on the conditions to form furans and other chemical products such as water and gases [2][3][4][5]. In the analysis of furans for predictive transformer wellness and maintenance purpose, the following five furan compounds are measured: 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, furfuryl alcohol, furfural, 2furyl methyl ketone, and 5-methylfurfural.…”

“…A number of analytical techniques for the characterization of furans in various matrices including transformer oils have been reported in the literature including GC, hyphenated technique like GC-MS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and HPLC [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The GC and UV-Vis methods are practical, but only targeted specific analytes and often times; do not have the sensitivity required for the application described.…”

“…The GC and UV-Vis methods are practical, but only targeted specific analytes and often times; do not have the sensitivity required for the application described. For instance, the GC method while quite sensitive with a detection limit of 10 ng/g, can only engage furfural and 5-methyl-2furfural [5]. In the UV-Vis approach, only one single furan compound, furfural was studied with a detection limit at 1.75 g/g [7].…”