Determination of furosemide in plasma and urine using monolithic silica rod liquid chromatography

Computer aided-molecular design and synthesis of a high selective molecularly imprinted polymer for solid-phase extraction of furosemide from human plasma

“…HPLC methods have been the main approach [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Other techniques reported are monolithic silica rod liquid chromatography [16], micellar liquid chromatography [17], capillary electrophoresis [1,18,19], titrimetry [20], spectrophotometry [21][22][23], diffuse reflectance spectroscopy [24] and chemiluminescence [25]. All of these methods need a pre-extraction step, usually solid-phase extraction (SPE), for clean-up of matrix complexity prior to quantitative analysis.…”

Applications of monolithic columns in liquid chromatography‐based clinical chemistry assays

“…(100 Â 4.6 mm) [28] Mycophenolic acid, mycophenolic acid glucuronide [24][25][26] Cyclosporin A [27] Busulfan [28] Sirolimus [29] Blood pressure drugs HPLC-fluorescence [30][31][32]34], HPLC-UV [33], HPLC-MS/MS [35] Plasma [30][31][32][33]35], urine [30,34] Chromolith Performance RP-18e (100…”

“…Chromolith (25 Â 4.6 mm) [34], Chromolith SpeedRod RP-18 (50 Â 4.6 mm) [35] Furosemide [30,31], norfloxacin [31] [ 30,31] Sotalol [32] Losartan [33,34], telmisartan [34], valsartan [34] [ 33,34] Verapamil, indiplon [35] Drugs of abuse CEC [36], FIA/HPLC-CID [37], HPLCfluorescence [38,39], HPLC-DAD [40] Urine [36,37,39], plasma [38,39], saliva [39], whole blood [40], solvent [37] Described in text [36], Chromolith Flash RP-18e (25 Â 4.6 mm) [37], Chromolith Performance RP-18e (50 Â 4.6 mm) [38], (100 Â 4.6 mm) [39,40] 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 4-hydroxy-…”

“…diuretics and ACE inhibitors. A monolithic HPLC method for measuring furosemide (8 min) was reported in plasma and urine using fluorescence detection [30]. This assay has an LOQ of 0.04 mmol/L (12 ng/mL) for both urine and plasma, CV values of r7.0% in plasma and r10.3% in urine, and is linear from 0.02 to 3.02 mmol/L (7.8-1000 ng/ mL).…”

Recent developments in analytical determination of furosemide

“…After liquid-liquid extraction with diethylether, plasma or urine samples separated with a gradient consisting of solvent A (20% acetonitrile) and solvent B (80% acetonitrile), both in 0.25% acetic acid, flow-rate 3.5 mL min −1 ; excitation at 230 nm and emission at 410 nm Linear range of 7.8-1000 ng mL −1 Plasma and urine [75] Mixture containing 5 mmol dihydrogenphosphate buffer and acetonitrile 30:70 (v/v) pH 3 was used as mobile phase with 1.5 mL min −1 flow-rate; reverse phase is C18 column; excitation at 270 nm; emission at 470 nm Linear range of 0.03-150 M Paediatric samples [76] imental conditions FUR was resolved from its photo-degradation products. Finally, the same authors uses SDS, propanol and phosphate buffer at pH 3, and fluorimetric detection ( (exc) = 270 nm, (em) = 430 nm) for determination of mixtures of seven diuretics, including FUR, in urine samples [90].…”