Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in dried blood spots using a simple GC-MS method with direct “on spot” derivatization

Ingels, Ann-Sofie; Lambert, Willy E.; Stove, Christophe

doi:10.1007/s00216-010-4183-9

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Several options have been described that allow to reduce the work-load associated with GC-MS-based GHB determination in biological fluids. These include the addition of excess derivatization reagents directly to biological samples, thus omitting the extraction step [12][13][14][15], the use of HS injection after conversion of GHB to gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) [16][17][18] or "in-vial" derivatization with for example hexylchloroformate prior to solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [19] or HS injection [20]. The available HS-based methods, either 'classical' static HS [16], SPME [17,20], or solidphase dynamic extraction (SPDE) [18], all start from 0.5-1 ml of biofluid (water, urine, plasma, serum or whole blood), providing sufficient sensitivity (LLOQ from 0.1 to 5.0 µg/ml).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in biofluids using a one-step procedure with “in-vial” derivatization and headspace-trap gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Ingels¹,

Neels²,

Lambert³

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography A

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A headspace-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-trap GC-MS) method was developed to determine GHB, a low molecular weight compound and drug of abuse, in various biological fluids. Combining this relatively novel and fully automated headspace technique with "in-vial" methylation of GHB allowed for a straightforward approach. One single method could be used for all biofluids (urine, plasma, serum, whole blood or lyzed blood), requiring only 100 µl of sample. Moreover, our approach involves mere addition of all reagents and sample into one vial. Following optimization of headspace conditions and trap settings, validation was performed. Although sample preparation only consists of the addition of salt and derivatization reagents directly to a 100 µl-sample in a HS-vial, adequate method sensitivity and selectivity was obtained. Calibration curves ranged from 5 to 150 µg/ml GHB for urine, from 2 to 150 µg/ml for plasma, and from 3.5 to 200 µg/ml for whole blood. Acceptable precision and accuracy (<13 % bias and imprecision) was seen for all quality controls (QC's) (LLOQ-level, low, medium, high), including for the supplementary serum-and lyzed blood-based QC's, using calibration curves prepared in plasma or whole blood, respectively. Incurred sample reanalysis demonstrated assay reproducibility, while cross-validation with another GC-MS method demonstrated that our method is a valuable alternative for GHB determination in toxicological samples, with the advantage of requiring only 100 µl and minimal hands-on time, as sample preparation is easy and injection automated. KeywordsGamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), in-vial derivatization, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), headspace-trap (HS-trap), biological matrices, toxicology 3

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in biofluids using a one-step procedure with “in-vial” derivatization and headspace-trap gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Ingels¹,

Neels²,

Lambert³

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography A

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although for these particular analyses we use "on-spot derivatization" and GC-MS [67][68][69] , the use of dried (blood, urine, …) spots as an analytical tool (also allowing automation -see section 5.1) prior to LC-MS/MS can be applied for other compounds as well 6,70,71 . When considering toxicology screening in an acute setting, liquid microsampling, coupled to e.g.…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Opening the toolbox of alternative sampling strategies in clinical routine: A key-role for (LC-)MS/MS

Velghe

Capiau

Stove

2016

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alternative sampling strategies such as dried blood sampling, liquid microsampling and the sampling of oral fluid, hair, meconium, interstitial fluid, sweat, exhaled breath condensate and sputum offer interesting opportunities for many applications in clinical routine. Here, we provide an overview of different applications, with special attention to the pivotal role of LC-MS/MS in facilitating analysis of the collected matrices. Covered clinical fields include newborn screening, endocrinology, therapeutic drug monitoring, phenotyping, toxicology, proteomics and metabolomics. Furthermore, specific advantages, challenges and limitations of each alternative sampling strategy are discussed, along with recent advances and future trends that may contribute to routine implementation of these sampling strategies. Given the development of many recent potentially valuable clinical applications, the possibility of home sampling and the opportunity to obtain information that is hard to procure using traditional sampling, a well-balanced role for alternative sampling strategies can be envisaged in patient healthcare in the (near) future.

show abstract

“…First, a substantial amount of these reports utilizes DBS prepared by pipetting venous blood onto a paper card (e.g. Garcia Boy et al, 2008, Ingels et al, 2010, Faller et al, 2011, Jantos and Skopp, 2011, Jantos et al, 2011b, Jones et al, 2011, with only a limited amount of reports describing the analysis of true capillary DBS (e.g. Sosnoff et al, 1996, Mercolini et al, 2010, Ingels et al, 2011.…”

Section: Forensic Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytes of particular forensic interest that have been measured in DBS include benzodiazepines (alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, flurazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, nitrazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, phenazepam, temazepam), zolpidem, zopiclone, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), opiates (6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodone, noroxycodone), tramadol, methadone, buprenorphine, fentanyl, ketamine and their respective metabolites and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) (Henderson et al, 1993, Sosnoff et al, 1996, Henderson et al, 1997, Alfazil and Anderson, 2008, Garcia Boy et al, 2008, Moll et al, 2009, Clavijo et al, 2010, Havard et al, 2010, Ingels et al, 2010, Marin et al, 2010, Mercolini et al, 2010, Clavijo et al, 2011a, Clavijo et al, 2011b, Ingels et al, 2011, Jantos and Skopp, 2011, Jantos et al, 2011a, Jantos et al, 2011b, Langel et al, 2011, Lauer et al, 2011. Also interesting from a forensic point of view is the potential to monitor alcohol abuse via the determination of ethylglucuronide and ethylsulfate or phosphatidylethanol in DBS (Faller et al, 2011, Jones et al, 2011, Redondo et al, 2011.…”

Section: Forensic Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried blood spots in toxicology: from the cradle to the grave?

Stove

Ingels

Kesel

et al. 2012

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

Self Cite

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

About a century after its first described application by Ivar Bang, the potential of sampling via dried blood spots (DBS) as an alternative for classical venous blood sampling is increasingly recognized. Perhaps best known is the use of DBS in newborn screening programs, ignited by the hallmark paper by Guthrie and Susi half a century ago. However, it is only recently that both academia and industry have recognized the many advantages that DBS sampling may offer for bioanalytical purposes, as reflected by the strong increase in published reports during the last few years. Currently, major DBS applications include newborn screening for metabolic disorders, epidemiological surveys (e.g. HIV monitoring), therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), as well as toxicology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the distinct subdisciplines of toxicology for which DBS sampling has been applied. DBS sampling for toxicological evaluation has been performed from birth until autopsy, aiming at the assessment of therapeutic drugs, drugs of abuse, environmental contaminants, toxins, as well as (trace) elements, with applications situated in fields as toxicokinetics, epidemiology and environmental and forensic toxicology. We discuss the strengths and limitations of DBS in the different subdisciplines and provide future prospects for the use of this promising sampling technique in toxicology.

show abstract

Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in dried blood spots using a simple GC-MS method with direct “on spot” derivatization

Cited by 50 publications

References 50 publications

Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in biofluids using a one-step procedure with “in-vial” derivatization and headspace-trap gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in biofluids using a one-step procedure with “in-vial” derivatization and headspace-trap gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Opening the toolbox of alternative sampling strategies in clinical routine: A key-role for (LC-)MS/MS

Dried blood spots in toxicology: from the cradle to the grave?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About