Determination of gestational age in sheep and goats using transrectal ultrasonographic measurement of placentomes

Doizé, F.; Vaillancourt, Denis; Carabin, Hélène; Bélanger, Denise

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(97)00254-9

Cited by 68 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…By using 5 MHz transrectal probe, the first signs of pregnancy in form of circular and elongated anaechoic images located in utero cranial to bladder were observed in ewe on Days 17 to 19 (Garcia et al 1993;Doize et al 1997), while embryo could be detected on Day 25 after mating (Buckrell et al 1986). …”

Section: Diagnosis Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…At this period the placentomes appeared as echogenic areas on the surface of endometrium. On Day 42, the ovine placentomes presented cup-shaped forms and reached the maximum size by Day 74 (Doize et al 1997). There was a poor correlation between placentome size and ovine gestational age due to great variation in the size of placentome in the same observations (Doize et al 1997;Gonzalez et al 1998).…”

Section: F-placentome Sizementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Placentomes could be detected by transrectal ultrasonography (5 MHz) on Day 30 (Buckrell et al 1986) and on Day 32 of gestation (Doize et al 1997). At this period the placentomes appeared as echogenic areas on the surface of endometrium.…”

Section: F-placentome Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pregnancy Dagnosis in Sheep: Review of the Most Practical Methods

Karen¹,

Kovács²,

Beckers³

et al. 2001

Acta Vet. Brno

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Various practical methods have been used for pregnancy diagnosis in sheep. Both pregnancy and fetal numbers are accurately diagnosed by using radiography after day 70 of gestation. Rectal abdominal technique detects pregnancy with an accuracy of 66 to 100% from d 49 to 109 of gestation, however, it has a low (17 to 57%) accuracy for determining multiple fetuses. Progesterone assays have a high sensitivity (88% to 100%) and a low specificity (60% to 72%) at d 16 to 18. Estrone sulphate assay accurately detects pregnant ewe at d 30 to 35. Ovine pregnancy specific protein B (PSPB) assay accurately (100%) detects pregnancy from d 26 after breeding onwards. The accuracy of progesterone, estrone sulphate and oPSPB assays for determining fetal numbers is relatively low. A-mode and Doppler ultrasonic techniques accurately detect pregnancy during the second half of gestation. Fetal numbers cannot be determined by A-mode ultrasound, while the Doppler technique needs experience to achieve high accuracy. Transrectal B-mode, real time ultrasonography identifies the embryonic vesicles as early as d 12.8 after mating, but the sensitivity of the technique for pregnancy is very low (12%) earlier than 25 d after mating. Transabdominal B-mode ultrasonography achieved high accuracy for pregnancy diagnosis (94% to 100%) and the determination of fetal numbers (92% to 99%) on d 29 to 106 of gestation. Realtime, B-mode ultrasonography appears to be the most practical and accurate method for diagnosing pregnancy and determining fetal numbers in sheep.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: F-placentome Sizementioning

confidence: 98%

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Pregnancy Dagnosis in Sheep: Review of the Most Practical Methods

Karen¹,

Kovács²,

Beckers³

et al. 2001

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…Hesselink & Taverne (1994) were the first to report the use of diagnostic ultrasound to detect pregnancy in goats. Af-terwards, В-mode ultrasonography has been applied by numerous researchers (Doize et al, 1997;Martinez et al, 1998;Gonzalez et al, 2004;Amer et al, 2010;Omontese et al, 2012). It is a reliable method for early diagnosis of pregnancy (Medan et al, 2004;.…”

Section: в-Mode (Brightness) Real-time Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pregnancy diagnosis in goats is essential for better efficacy and management of reproduction (Doize et al, 1997), providing information about conception rates after artificial insemination (Matsas, 2007), gestation course (Amer, 2010), time for drying-off and parturition date (Doize et al, 1997;Gonzalez et al, 2004). The separation of pregnant and nonpregnant does in different groups reduces the losses from abortions, stillbirths or giving birth to non-viable offspring and optimises labour, feed and medication costs (Wani et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy diagnosis techniques in goats – a review

Karadaev¹

2015

BJVM

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SummaryKaradaev, M., 2015. Pregnancy diagnosis techniques in goats -a review. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 3,[183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193] Several techniques for pregnancy diagnosis in goats are developed. Some of them are efficient and applicable in the field, but not enough accurate. Others are outlined with a high precision, but require equipment and specialised skills. Laparoscopy, laparotomy and vaginal biopsy are accurate but invasive and thus, inappropriate for the routine practice. Abdominal inspection, transabdominal palpation and increased live weight could be indicative for pregnancy in goats but they are reliable only after the second half of gestation. Udder examination and palpation are of low accuracy and their independent application for pregnancy diagnosis is not suitable. Blood, milk and faecal progesterone assays could indicate pregnancy in goats after the 21 st post insemination day until the end of gestation. The detection of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in blood plasma or milk samples is an early pregnancy marker but requires laboratory equipment. Non-return to oestrus is a cheap, practical and widely used method for detection of pregnancy between post insemination days 17 and 21 and does without signs of oestrus are assumed to be pregnant. A-mode, B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography are alternative methods for pregnancy diagnosis. Their accuracy and practical application potential are different. The two-dimensional ultrasound is one of the most appropriate methods for pregnancy diagnosis in goats. The accuracy of the method is about 100% on post insemination day 25-30 using the transrectal approach, whereas via the transabdominal approach, this accuracy is attained between the 40 th and the 45 th day.

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Ultrasonography in Small Ruminant Reproduction

Meinecke-Tillmann¹,

Meinecke²

2007

Comparative Reproductive Biology

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Determination of gestational age in sheep and goats using transrectal ultrasonographic measurement of placentomes

Cited by 68 publications

References 17 publications

Pregnancy Dagnosis in Sheep: Review of the Most Practical Methods

Pregnancy Dagnosis in Sheep: Review of the Most Practical Methods

Pregnancy diagnosis techniques in goats – a review

Ultrasonography in Small Ruminant Reproduction

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