Determination of Ginsenosides R_b1, R_c, and R_e in Different Dosage Forms of Ginseng by Negative Ion Electrospray Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been used to determine ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, and Re in six different samples of ginseng. These included a liquid extract, capsules, tea bags, and an instant tea. It was found that four of the six samples had detectable levels of at least one of the ginsenosides. The liquid extract, capsules, instant tea, and tea bags labeled ginseng had ginsenosides. The labels on the two samples that did not have ginsenosides indicated that they were a mixture of green tea, licorice, and ginseng. Also, 13C NMR was used to identify the types of complex carbohydrates present in the samples. One of the samples of tea bags had none of the ginsenosides, but did have complex carbohydrates found in most of the other samples. The instant tea had all three ginsenosides, but had no complex carbohydrates, only sucrose. The amounts of ginsenosides found in standard doses from six different sources of ginseng varied considerably. It was found that steeping a tea bag for a longer time than that recommended on the label produced a larger recovery of ginsenosides and that reusing a tea bag produced even higher recoveries.

Detection and quantification of ginsenoside Re in ginseng samples by a chromatographic immunostaining method using monoclonal antibody against ginsenoside Re

“…Among these methods, the use of HPLC in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS or MS/MS) is most frequently and widely used [9,26,27]. The advantages of the new approach over the HPLC method are mainly its better costperformance ratio (e.g., organic solvents and analytical equipment), speed and ease of use, which are useful if large numbers of small samples are to be analyzed.…”

Sensitive determination of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in rat plasma using HPLC–APCI-MS: Application of pharmacokinetic study in rats

“…HPLC with UV detection, HPLC-ESI-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS [10,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Rg3, Rh2 and PPD [10]. However, due to insufficient sensitivity the metabolite (PPD) kinetics of Rg3 could not be profiled comprehensively after oral administration of Rg3.…”

Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Total Ginsenosides in Ginseng

“…Among these methods, the use of HPLC combined with mass spectrometry (MS or MS/MS) is most frequently and widely used (Harkey et al 2001;Chan et al 2000;Luchtefeld et al 2004). The advantages of the newly established ELISA over the HPLC method are mainly its effective cost-performance (e.g., organic solvents and analytical equipment), speed, sensitivity, and ease of use, which are useful when the analysis of a large number of smaller samples is needed.…”