Determination of Glutathione and Glutathione Disulphide in Lichens: a Comparison of Frequently Used Methods

Kranner, Ilse; Grill, D.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1565(199601)7:1<24::aid-pca277>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 78 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The qualitative and quantitative identification of the thiols was performed using reverse-phase HPLC (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) connected to a fluorescence detector (W474 scanning fluorescence detector, Waters) as previously described (Kranner and Grill, 1996;Kocsy et al, 2001). The half-cell reduction potential of the thiol/thiol disulphide redox couples was calculated according to Schafer and Buettner (2001).…”

Section: Analysis Of Thiolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide affects salt-induced changes in free amino acid levels in maize

Boldizsár¹,

Simon‐Sarkadi²,

Szirtes³

et al. 2013

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Abstract:It was assumed that salt-induced redox changes affect amino acid metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.), and this influence may be modified by NO. The applied NaCl treatment reduced the fresh weight of shoots and roots. This decrease was smaller after the combined application of NaCl and an NO-donorETA/NO) in the shoots, while it was greater after simultaneous treatment with NaCl and nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA, inhibitor of NO synthesis) in the roots. The quantum yield efficiency of photosystem II was not influenced by the treatments. NaCl had a significant effect on the redox environment in the leaves as it was shown by the increase in the amount of glutathione disulphide and in the redox potential of the glutathione/glutathione disulphide redox pair. This influence of NaCl was modified by DETA/NO and l-NNA. Pharmacological modification of NO levels affected salt-induced changes in both the total free amino acid content and in the free amino acid composition. NaCl alone increased the concentration of almost all amino acids which effect was strengthened by DETA/NO in the case of Pro. l-NNA treatment resulted in a significant increase in the Ala, Val, Gly and Tyr contents. The Ile, Lys and Val concentrations rose considerably after the combined application of NaCl and DETA/NO compared to NaCl treatment alone in the recovery phase. NaCl also increased the expression of several genes related to the amino acid and antioxidant metabolism, and this effect was modified by DETA/NO. In conclusion, modification of NO levels affected salt-induced, glutathione-dependent redox changes and simultaneously the free amino acid composition and the level of several free amino acids. The observed much higher Pro content in plants treated with both NaCl and DETA/NO during recovery may contribute to the protective effect of NO against salt stress.

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Section: Analysis Of Thiolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide affects salt-induced changes in free amino acid levels in maize

Boldizsár¹,

Simon‐Sarkadi²,

Szirtes³

et al. 2013

Journal of Plant Physiology

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“…The samples were analyzed as described in Kopriva et al (1999) and Koprivova et al (2000). The thiols in the supernatant were reduced with bis-(2-mercaptoethylsulfone) and were labeled by monobromobimane as described by Kranner and Grill (1996). A 100-L aliquot of each sample was separated by reverse-phase HPLC as previously described (Rü egsegger and Brunold, 1992), and fractions of 0.75 mL were collected in scintillation vials.…”

Section: Feeding Of 35 So 4 2؊ and Determination Of 35 S In Thiols Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Sulfate Assimilation with Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Lemna minor

Kopriva

Suter²,

Ballmoos³

et al. 2002

Plant Physiology

114

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Cysteine synthesis from sulfide and O-acetyl-l-serine (OAS) is a reaction interconnecting sulfate, nitrogen, and carbon assimilation. Using Lemna minor, we analyzed the effects of omission of CO 2 from the atmosphere and simultaneous application of alternative carbon sources on adenosine 5Ј-phosphosulfate reductase (APR) and nitrate reductase (NR), the key enzymes of sulfate and nitrate assimilation, respectively. Incubation in air without CO 2 led to severe decrease in APR and NR activities and mRNA levels, but ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was not considerably affected. Simultaneous addition of sucrose (Suc) prevented the reduction in enzyme activities, but not in mRNA levels. OAS, a known regulator of sulfate assimilation, could also attenuate the effect of missing CO 2 on APR, but did not affect NR. When the plants were subjected to normal air after a 24-h pretreatment in air without CO 2 , APR and NR activities and mRNA levels recovered within the next 24 h. The addition of Suc and glucose in air without CO 2 also recovered both enzyme activities, with OAS again influenced only APR. 35 SO 4 2Ϫ feeding showed that treatment in air without CO 2 severely inhibited sulfate uptake and the flux through sulfate assimilation. After a resupply of normal air or the addition of Suc, incorporation of 35 S into proteins and glutathione greatly increased. OAS treatment resulted in high labeling of cysteine; the incorporation of 35 S in proteins and glutathione was much less increased compared with treatment with normal air or Suc. These results corroborate the tight interconnection of sulfate, nitrate, and carbon assimilation.Plants, yeast, and most prokaryotes cover their demand for reduced sulfur, which is essential for function of proteins, oligopeptides, and many coenzymes, by reduction of inorganic sulfate. In the pathway of sulfate assimilation of plants, sulfate is first activated by ATP sulfurylase to adenosine 5Ј-phosphosulfate, which is reduced to sulfite by adenosine 5Ј-phosphosulfate reductase (APR) in a glutathionedependent reaction. Sulfite is further reduced to sulfide by a ferredoxin-dependent sulfite reductase and sulfide incorporated into the amino acid skeleton of O-acetyl-l-Ser (OAS) by OAS (thiol) lyase, forming Cys (Brunold, 1990;Leustek et al., 2000). Cys can further be metabolized to Met or directly incorporated into proteins or glutathione, a tripeptide with important functions as storage and transport form of reduced sulfur, in oxidative stress defense, regulation of sulfur assimilation, etc. (Noctor et al., 1998). Thus, Cys synthesis from OAS and sulfide is a central point of cellular metabolism as this reaction interconnects sulfate, nitrate, and carbon assimilation.Several studies have established regulatory interactions between sulfate and nitrate assimilation in plants (Brunold, 1993;Takahashi and Saito, 1996;Kim et al., 1999;Koprivova et al., 2000). The two assimilatory pathways are well coordinated so that deficiency for one element represses the other pathway. The act...

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“…The thiols in the supernatant were reduced by bis-(2-mercaptoethylsulfone) (Bernhard et al, 1998) and labeled by monobromobimane (Kranner and Grill, 1996). Total Cys and glutathione were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC as described by Schupp and Rennenberg (1988) and modified by Rü egsegger and Brunold (1992).…”

Section: Thiol Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction in C3, C3-C4, and C4 Species of Flaveria

Koprivova¹

2001

Plant Physiology

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The activity of the enzymes catalyzing the first two steps of sulfate assimilation, ATP sulfurylase and adenosine 5Ј-phosphosulfate reductase (APR), are confined to bundle sheath cells in several C 4 monocot species. With the aim to analyze the molecular basis of this distribution and to determine whether it was a prerequisite or a consequence of the C 4 photosynthetic mechanism, we compared the intercellular distribution of the activity and the mRNA of APR in C 3 , C 3 -C 4 , C 4 -like, and C 4 species of the dicot genus Flaveria. Measurements of APR activity, mRNA level, and protein accumulation in six Flaveria species revealed that APR activity, cysteine, and glutathione levels were significantly higher in C 4 -like and C 4 species than in C 3 and C 3 -C 4 species. ATP sulfurylase and APR mRNA were present at comparable levels in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of C 4 species Flaveria trinervia. Immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of APR protein in chloroplasts of both cell types. These findings, taken together with results from the literature, show that the localization of assimilatory sulfate reduction in the bundle sheath cells is not ubiquitous among C 4 plants and therefore is neither a prerequisite nor a consequence of C 4 photosynthesis.

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Determination of Glutathione and Glutathione Disulphide in Lichens: a Comparison of Frequently Used Methods

Cited by 78 publications

References 20 publications

Nitric oxide affects salt-induced changes in free amino acid levels in maize

Nitric oxide affects salt-induced changes in free amino acid levels in maize

Interaction of Sulfate Assimilation with Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Lemna minor

Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction in C3, C3-C4, and C4 Species of Flaveria

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