Determination of hardening behaviour and contact friction of sheet metal in a multi-layered upsetting test

Evaluation of rheological behavior and interfacial friction under the adhesive condition by upsetting method

“…Up to now, some efforts have been done on rheological behavior and interfacial friction against specific friction phenomenon, and a large number of studies have been carried out in sheet [3][4][5][6][7] and bulk [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] metal forming to evaluate the rheological behavior and interfacial friction. Some parameter estimation approaches, such as direct method and inverse method [16,17], were developed to analyze rheological behavior and interfacial friction; meanwhile, many test methods, such as forward extrusion [18], forward-backward extrusion [19], ring upsetting [20][21][22], cylinder upsetting [23,24], multi-layered upsetting test [3], double-cup extrusion [25][26][27], upsetting-sliding [28], backward extrusion [29], and T-shape compression test [30], were presented to analyze rheological behavior and interfacial friction.…”

“…Some parameter estimation approaches, such as direct method and inverse method [16,17], were developed to analyze rheological behavior and interfacial friction; meanwhile, many test methods, such as forward extrusion [18], forward-backward extrusion [19], ring upsetting [20][21][22], cylinder upsetting [23,24], multi-layered upsetting test [3], double-cup extrusion [25][26][27], upsetting-sliding [28], backward extrusion [29], and T-shape compression test [30], were presented to analyze rheological behavior and interfacial friction. Of all the test methods, ring and cylinder upsetting test easily applied is the most well-known test method widely so far [31].…”