Determination of Heating Value of Estonian Oil Shale by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Abstract

The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with multivariate regression analysis of measured data were utilised for determination of the heating value and the chemical composition of pellets made from Estonian oil shale samples with different heating values. The study is the first where the oil shale heating value is determined on the basis of LIBS spectra. The method for selecting the optimal number of spectral lines for ordinary multivariate least squares regression model is presented. The correlation coefficient between the heating value predicted by the regression model, and that measured by calorimetric bomb, was R 2 = 0 98. The standard deviation of prediction was 0.24 MJ/kg. Concentrations of oil shale components predicted by the regression model were compared with those measured by ordinary methods.

A Synergetic Strategy for Brand Characterization of Colla Corii Asini (Ejiao) by LIBS and NIR Combined with Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis

“…The original LIBS spectra are often affected by various sources of interference from light scattering, instrument noise, and background [ 27 ]. Thus, conventional minimum-maximum normalization was employed to transform the original LIBS data to the range of 0–1 [ 27 ].…”

“…The original LIBS spectra are often affected by various sources of interference from light scattering, instrument noise, and background [ 27 ]. Thus, conventional minimum-maximum normalization was employed to transform the original LIBS data to the range of 0–1 [ 27 ]. The raw spectra acquired from the NIR spectrometer are often characterized by baseline shift and unwanted spectral variation produced from light scattering effects, variation in optical path length, random noise, sample matrix, and others.…”

“…Nowadays, the two techniques have been prevailing analytical tools for quality control of TCM with the rapid development of powerful computers and data analysis tools [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In addition, the potential applications of LIBS coupled with NIR on analyses of food and vegetable achieve considerable success [ 18 , 27 ]. However, brand characterization of CCA by combining LIBS with NIR has not been reported yet.…”

Industrial applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a review

“…Recent applications of LIBS to oil shale have been proposed for discrimination from limestone by Paris et al 41 and for determination of the caloric power. 42 LIBS was also used for in situ diagnosis of the products of combustion of oil-red power plants in 2002 by Corsi et al, 43 who demonstrated the possibility of performing remote LIBS analysis for the control of the emissions of fossil fueled power plants.…”