Determination of Heavy Metals in Almonds and Mistletoe as a Parasite Growing on the Almond Tree Using ICP-OES or ICP-MS

Abstract

In this study, the elements of Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, Pb, Ti, and Zn were determined in the leaves, fruits, and branches of mistletoe, (Viscum albüm L.), used as a medicinal plant, and in the leaves, branches and barks of almond tree which mistletoe grows on. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the mistletoe are more absorbent than the almond tree in terms of the heavy metal contents and the determination of the amount of the elements penetrated into the mistletoe from the almond tree. ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) was used for the analysis of As, Cd, Mo, and Pb, whereas ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) was used for the other elements. The results obtained were statistically evaluated at 95% confidence level. Within the results obtained in this study, it was determined whether there is a significant difference between metal elements in almond tree and mistletoe, or not. As a result, it was observed that there were higher contents of B, Ba, K, Mg, and Zn in the mistletoe than in the almond tree. K was found much higher than other elements in the mistletoe. On the other hand, Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Sr, Pb, and Ti contents were determined to be more in almond tree than mistletoe.

Overexpression of ApHIPP26 from the Hyperaccumulator Arabis paniculata Confers Enhanced Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation to Arabidopsis thaliana

“…It should be noted that the roots of the plant should be sufficiently cleaned to ensure that Cd in solution was removed. The plant samples were dried and ground into powder, with specific operational details referring to published papers [73], and then concentration measurements were performed using ICP-MS [74].…”

Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland:Viscum album

“…Mistletoe can take up elements selectively from hosts, resulting in concentration differences between host and parasite tissues (Bell & Adams, 2011; Kim et al, 2019). Mistletoe usually contains more K, Mg, Ca, Fe, P, Mn, Cu, S, Zn, B, Ba and less Al, As, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Sr, Pb, Ti and Fe than its hosts (Gebauer et al, 2018; Kamar et al, 2018; Lamont, 1983; Lamont & Southall, 1982; Mutlu et al, 2016; Popp et al, 1995; Türe et al, 2010). This is linked to reduced dry matter content, needle length or chlorophyll content of pine needles (Section 5.2).…”

A comparative study of different methods for the determination of cadmium in various tissues of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.)

“…Thus, which is the most suitable method for Cd determination is worth to be considered. ICP-OES and ICP-MS were used for the analysis of heavy metals in leaves, fruits, and branches of mistletoe (Kamar et al, 2018 ), and also used for precise measurement of major and trace elements in bulk pyrite and magnetite (Liu et al, 2020 ), essential and non-essential/toxic trace metals in the edible parts of some common vegetables (Iftikhar-Ul-Haq et al, 2021 ), and measure trace elements in baby food, milk power, and inorganic contaminants (Kiani et al, 2022 ; Krzyzaniak et al, 2019 ). GF-AAS coupled with the method of mild extraction using diluted acid is an efficient, cost-saving, convenient and friendly way to measure Cd concentration in grain (Zhou et al, 2019 ).…”