Determination of heavy metals in muscle tissue of six fish species with different feeding habits from the Danube River, Belgrade—public health and environmental risk assessment

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of heavy metals/metalloids (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Fe, Zn, As) in the muscle tissue of fish from the Danube River (two locations: Zemun and Grocka). For the purpose of heavy metal determination in fish muscle, 120 samples of six different fish species, Prussian carp, barbel, bream, carp, pike perch, and catfish were collected. For determining heavy metals, we used microwave oven digestion and atomic absorption spectrometer methods. The highest average content of Pb (0.084 ± 0.004 mg kg), Cd (0.082 ± 0.003 mg kg), Hg (0.466 ± 0.006 mg kg), and As (0.333 ± 0.007 mg kg) was found in the muscle of carp (an omnivorous fish) from Grocka, while the highest average level of Fe (13.60 ± 0.03 mg kg) was deposited in bream (also omnivorous) from Zemun. Also, the average Cu level (1.62 ± 0.13 mg kg) was the highest in catfish muscle (a carnivorous fish) from Grocka, while the highest Zn content (11.16 ± 0.17 mg kg) was determined in muscle of Prussian carp (an omnivorous fish) from Zemun. The highest content of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, and Zn, respectively) in muscle of the six different types of fish from both locations was symmetrically arranged by species (catfish, barbel, and Prussian carp, respectively). Concentrations of Pb, Hg, and As in the Danube River fish muscle were under the maximum residual levels prescribed by the European Union (EU) and the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC) for Serbia. On the other hand, in all fish muscle from both locations (Zemun and Grocka), higher concentrations of Cd than prescribed (MAC) were found, with the exception of bream and pike perch.

Health risk assessment and heavy metal accumulation in fish species (Clarias gariepinus and Sarotherodon melanotheron) from industrially polluted Ogun and Eleyele Rivers, Nigeria

“…The variation in metal accumulation suggested that both exogenous and endogenous factors contribute to metal accumulation in the fish. From the observation of Jovanović et al [ 53 ], direct transfer of heavy metals from sediments is the major route of passage in many aquatic species i.e. metals accumulate in bottom feeders and transfer up the food chain through biomagnification.…”

Determination of the Level of Selected Elements in Canned Meat and Fish and Risk Assessment for Consumer Health

“…Lead damages and destroys erythrocytes; reduces resistance; weakens the bones; blocks the nervous system; inhibits the absorption of iodine, necessary for correct functioning of the thyroid gland; forms toxic deposits in the organism, causing numerous disorders and diseases, [41]; 0.053-0.7396, 0.0195-0.0489 [18]; 0.07-0.22 [72]; <LOQ-1.14 [17]; 0.0001-0.0003 [52]; 0.0378-0.5243 [73]; 0.60-0.62 [74]; 0.088-0.410, [43]; 0.005-1.17 [39], * 0.140-0.327 in d.w. [75], * 0.094-0.466 [76], * 0.16-0.53 [77] 0.50 and 1.0 (tuna) [26] As Cd 0.0033-0.0754 0.0046-0.0720 [16]; 0.002-0.07 [78]; 1.00-1.80 [66]; 0.08-0.66 [41]; 0.0-53.9 [18]; 0.019 [79]; <LOQ-0.09 [17]; 0.08 [36]; 0.0032-0.0834 [73]; 0.020-0.025 [74]; <LOQ-0.007 [39]; 0.03-0.12 [37]; <LOQ-0.18 [40]; 0.19-17.05 [80], * 0.008-0.191 in d.w. [75], * 0.021-0.082 [76], * 0.01-0.21 [77] 0.050 and 0.10 (sardine, tuna) [26] Pb 0.011-0.296 0.0126-0.0726 [16]; 0.007-0.51 [78]; 3-4.60, 3.60-4.00 [66]; 0.14-0.92 [41]; 0.02-1.37 [35]; 0.0-31.1 [18]; 0.11 [79]; <LOQ-4.13 [17]; 0.10 [36]; <LOQ-3.19, 0.35-2.10, 0.25-1.51 in d.w. [42]…”

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“…Cadmium in rainbow trout muscles (0.123 mg/kg) from marketed in Khorramabad City Iran is lower than maximum recommended levels according to WHO (0.2 mg/kg) and FDA guidelines (1.0 mg/kg) but higher than recommended levels to EC (0.05 mg/kg) (Mortazavi, Hatamikia, Bahmani, & Hassanzadazar, 2016). Whereas omnivorous (Prussian carp Carassius auratius gibelio, barbel Barbus barbus, bream Abramis brama, carp Cyprinus carpio) and carnivorous (pike perch Stizostedion lucioperca and catfish Silurus glanis) fish muscles from both locations of Danube River (Belgrade) contained a higher amount of cadmium than is specified in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia and in the European Union Regulation (0.05 mg/kg), with the exception of bream and pike perch muscles (Jovanović et al 2017). Similarly, cadmium concentration in muscles of pike from fish ponds in Belgrade area varied from 0.063 to 0.079 mg/kg and higher than maximum level according to EU legislation (Janjić et al 2015).…”