Determination of HIV Tropism in Patients with Antiretroviral Therapy Failure in Arkhangelsk Region

Ostankova, Yu. V.; Davydenko, V. S.; Щемелев, А. Н.; Зуева, Е. Б.; Virolainen, Pavel A.; Тотолян, Арег А.

doi:10.21055/0370-1069-2022-3-120-128

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Additionally, there is also some correlation with HIV-1 genetic variants. R5 viruses are more often detected in subtype A, regardless of the stage of the disease [20], [21], [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Coreceptors Related Genes (CCR5 and CXCR4) Promoter Methylation: Original Research

Esman,

Salamaikina,

Vinokurov

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The persistence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in viral reservoirs is a topical issue. There are many factors that can potentially influence this process. Epigenetic alterations according to the literature could be such factors. In this study, we present a detailed description of gene promoters research and development techniques for determining the methylation level of CpG loci in these promoters based on Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing. The presented methods could be used for measuring the methylation levels in other research.A total of 51 samples of biological material from 17 patients at three visits were used in this study. Applying the developed techniques, we found that the CpG loci of theCXCR4gene promoter were not methylated. For CpG loci of theCCR5gene promoter no change in methylation levels was observed visit to visit. CpG 1 methylation level ranged from 33% to 53%, CpG 2 - from 4.4% to 11%, CpG 3 - from 0 to 42% and CpG 4 - from 1% to 21%. These values were derived from measurements of C-peaks in sequences.Key ContributionThe breakthroughs or highlights of the manuscript. Authors can write one or two sentences to describe the most important part of the paper.

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“…Additionally, there is also some correlation with HIV-1 genetic variants. R5 viruses are more often detected in subtype A, regardless of the stage of the disease [20], [21], [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Coreceptors Related Genes (CCR5 and CXCR4) Promoter Methylation: Original Research

Esman,

Salamaikina,

Vinokurov

et al. 2024

Preprint

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HIV protein profile characteristics in patients with first-time detected infection

Davydenko,

Ostankova,

Schemelev

et al. 2024

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

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The HIV-infection continues to be one of the most large-scale epidemics worldwide. Many techniques have been developed to detect this disease, but the Western blot based on the identification of specific viral proteins remains the most commonly used method that allows to monitor ongoing viral processes. Despite discussions regarding the criteria for a positive test assessment and selection of a minimum number of viral proteins to reliably interpret the data, a very few studies on the protein profiles in HIV-infected patients, particularly in the Russian Federation are available. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HIV viral proteins in a group of people with newly diagnosed infections analyzing 2566 blood samples from individuals with newly diagnosed HIV infection for reference testing. The samples were assessed using ELISA and IHL techniques, followed by western blotting. Subsequently, the following viral proteins were analyzed to assess HIV life cycle and the predominance of its different stages: gp160, gp120, gp41, p55, p40, p24, p17, p66, p51, and p31. For comparison, gp110/120 was chosen as the reference protein due to its lowest prevalence frequency among allenvgene products comprising 96.06%. A significantly reduced prevalence frequency was found for several protein groups: GAG — p55 (80.91%), p40 (72.14%), nucleocapsid p18/17 (67.37%); POL proteins — p68/66 (89.57%), p52/51 (81.91%), p34/31 (86.02%). Significant differences in frequency of viral proteins between age and sex groups are shown. Hypotheses explaining the obtained data are presented. By aligning anti-viral protein antibody profile with the course of the infection and patient’s condition, it will be possible to identify patterns and take necessary measures for early diagnostics with extended results, such as duration of the infection, viral load, and disease severity.

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HIV tropism to chemokine coreceptors. Features of the definition, the current state

Martynov,

Semenov,

Batyrgalieva

et al. 2024

Medicinskij alfavit

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HIV infection is a significant cause of death worldwide, the number of people with HIV infection in the Russian Federation as of 2022 amounted to 1163818 people. The determination of HIV tropism is necessary for the appointment of drugs from the group of penetration inhibitors, and also opens up new opportunities in the prediction and analysis of HIV infection in a patient.Aim. To present a description and assess the current state of methods for determining HIV tropism, to summarize known information about the influence of HIV tropism on the course of the disease, to identify topical issues related to HIV tropism and requiring solutions.Materials and methods. A review of domestic and foreign sources devoted to methods for determining the prevalence and clinical significance of HIV tropism was carried out.Results. For the effective administration of CCR5 antagonist drugs, preliminary analysis is necessary to establish the tropism of HIV by genotypic or phenotypic methods. The use of CCR5 antagonists is not possible if HIV can use the CXCR4 coreceptor. CXCR4 – tropism of HIV is associated with the duration of the disease, a decrease in the number of CD4 cells, AIDS, and is a negative prognostic factor. Human mutations affecting coreceptors can affect the course of infection and susceptibility to HIV.Conclusion. The determination of HIV tropism is a useful analysis, the importance of which will increase in connection with the development of new drugs from the group of penetration inhibitors. To increase the availability of HIV tropism analysis in the Russian Federation, the creation of genotypic test systems is required. To create proprietary algorithms used in genotypic analysis, as well as laboratory testing and development of new effective drugs from the group of penetration inhibitors, it is necessary to develop a phenotypic test system. The small study of the influence of other regions of the env gene on HIV tropism, the study of HIV tropism to alternative coreceptors are urgent issues that need to be addressed.

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Determination of HIV Tropism in Patients with Antiretroviral Therapy Failure in Arkhangelsk Region

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

HIV Coreceptors Related Genes (CCR5 and CXCR4) Promoter Methylation: Original Research

HIV Coreceptors Related Genes (CCR5 and CXCR4) Promoter Methylation: Original Research

HIV protein profile characteristics in patients with first-time detected infection

HIV tropism to chemokine coreceptors. Features of the definition, the current state

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