Determination of Hydrogen Concentration in Austenitic Stainless Steels by Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy

Mizuno, Mamoru; Anzai, Hideya; Aoyama, Takashi; Suzuki, Takaya

doi:10.2320/matertrans1989.35.703

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…23 Two reviews of hydrogen in vacuum systems briefly discussed the significance of traps. Redhead 5 referred to traps as "multiple diffusion states," and he noted the observations of multiple peaks in thermal desorption measurements [27][28][29][30] and in the investigations of Nemanič and coworkers. He called for experimental confirmation of the connection between traps and unexplained hydrogen outgassing.…”

Section: Hydrogen Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the traps in stainless steel will have a distribution of barrier energies. Thermal desorption measurements provide some information about the distribution; for example, Mizuno et al 28 used four values of T exit to describe their data. Here, I consider only one type of "reversible" trap and make no speculation about its physical origin.…”

Section: Hydrogen Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen traps in the outgassing model of a stainless steel vacuum chamber

Berg

2014

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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This article describes a model for hydrogen outgassing into a stainless steel vacuum chamber. It accounts for the geometry of the chamber components, the hydrogen dissolved in those components, and the processes of diffusion, recombination, and trapping. Strongly bound or "trapped" hydrogen, which occurs at heterogeneities such as dislocations and grain boundaries, can hold most of the dissolved hydrogen even though those locations comprise fewer than 0.1% of all lattice sites. Four simplifications allowed practical use of the model: (1) Each component was described as a one-dimensional object. (2) The hydrogen initially dissolved in each component was described as a uniform concentration. (3) Accurate, consistent values were used to describe diffusion and recombination in stainless steel types 304 and 316 [Grant et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 149, 180 (1987); 152, 139 (1988)]. (4) Only one type of hydrogen trap was considered, and trapping was ignored in components made from vacuum remelted stainless steel. The simple model was developed and validated by comparing it to outgassing measurements. Traps were required to describe the outgassing from a component made of drawn stainless steel 304. The initial hydrogen concentration in that component was comparable to concentrations found elsewhere by thermal desorption and almost 100 times larger than in the components made of vacuum remelted 316 stainless steel. The model's usefulness was illustrated by using it to predict the outgassing of a vacuum chamber made of type 304 stainless steel. [

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Section: Hydrogen Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen traps in the outgassing model of a stainless steel vacuum chamber

Berg

2014

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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“…There are many publications 11–19 which both theoretically and experimentally describe the kinetics and thermodynamics of desorption and diffusion processes of hydrogen in steel. However due to the complexity of the process and the specifity of each material, the development of analytical and empirical equations is extremely difficult.…”

Section: Determination Of Hydrogen In Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mass spectrometers are able to selectively determine hydrogen with a higher sensitivity and a lower drift throughout the thermal desorption analysis and are therefore more appropriate for TDS. The use of thermal desorption mass spectrometry (TDMS) for the determination of hydrogen in steel was described in some publications 12, 15 and has recently been explored in some research laboratories.…”

Section: Tdms Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Hydrogen in Steel by Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry

Bergers

Souza

Thomas

et al. 2010

steel research int.

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Hydrogen embrittlement has been observed since high-strength steels have been produced in the nineteen thirties [1,2]. Several different analytical methods have been developed to quantify the total and diffusible hydrogen in steel, but many aspects of hydrogen determination are still to be explored. Purely quantitative determination of hydrogen is not sufficient to fully characterize the steel regarding its resistance against embrittlement.Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry (TDMS) allows the investigation of hydrogen absorption and desorption mechanisms to characterize hydrogen traps in different kinds of steel microstructures. This provides valuable information for the development of new materials with a higher resistance against hydrogen embrittlement. Additionally, TDMS allows the quantitative determination of very small concentrations of hydrogen (< 0.1 mg/g). Such low detection limits cannot be reached with other methods. Due to time-consuming analysis and a rather complex construction, TDMS is usually not applied for hydrogen determination in German steel mills. The present work describes the development of a thermal desorption spectrometer at ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG by adapting a compact quadrupole mass spectrometer to a commercially available hot solid extraction analyzer, which has proven to be a simple and efficient solution for the determination of diffusible hydrogen in steel. ProcessMetallurgy steel research int. 81 (2010) No. 7 Figure 11. Microstructure of the Leco 502-061 sample (left picture); some single non-metallic inclusions (MgAl 2 O 4 ) can be found (right picture).www.steelresearch-journal.com ß

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“…Thus the swelling recovery under annealing should be considered in more details. The dose dependence of the swelling is described as a linear function (in a steady-state swelling) with some incubation period [8,42,54,63]. Since the maximum swelling rate is implemented in the steady-state stage, recovery annealing should reduce the swelling to the lowest possible level e at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than the typical for the steady stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%