Determination of hydroxide and carbonate in boiler waters -- I. Methods

Partridge, Everett P.; Schroeder, W. C.

doi:10.1021/ac50079a013

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As a considerable amount of previous work has shown (13,17), and as will be shown in the present paper, the Winkler method and the phenolphthalein-methyl orange method for the determination of carbonate become inaccurate at low concentrations, but for different reasons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

Errors in Determination of Carbonate in Boiler Waters

Schroeder¹

1933

Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 57%

Errors in Determination of Carbonate in Boiler Waters

Schroeder¹

1933

Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…8 The twenty-nine step alkaline permanganate degradation of Tyrolean shale kerogen resulted in a very high total yield of oxidation products, 93.7 % based on the original kerogen, comprising neutrals and bases (0.5 %), ether-soluble acids (11.0 %), acids isolated from the corresponding aqueous solutions (8.5 %), precipitated acids (58.9 %), and 14.8 % of kerogen carbon in the form of carbon dioxide, an oxidation product quantified by a modified method of Partridge and Schroeder. 12,13 The amount of residual organic matter remaining after the last oxidation step was 6.9 %, making the total material balance 100.6 %, which included the permanganate oxygen incorporated into the oxidation products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A modified Partridge and Schroeder method was used for this purpose. 12,13 Three types of products were isolated from the six fractions: neutrals and bases, ether-soluble acids and precipitated acids. The remaining aqueous solutions were made alkaline, evaporated to a small volume, acidified with HCl and finally diluted to standard 100 cm 3 .…”

Section: Oxidative Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ether-soluble acids and related compounds obtained by oxidation of kerogen (including acids isolated from the corresponding aqueous solutions)12 H 11 -b ; C 13 H 13 -b ; C 16 H 19 -b ; C 24 H 35 -b C 11 H 15 -; C 12 H 17 -; C 22 H 37 -; C 11 H 9 -b ; C 10 H 11 ≡; C 11 H 13 ≡; C 16 H 23 ≡; C 10 H 5 ≡ b ; C 11 H 7 ≡ b ; C 14 H 13 ≡ b ; C 16 H 17 ≡ b ;C 17 H 19 ≡ b C 6 H 3 ≡; C 7 H 5 ≡; C 8 H 7 ≡; C 10 H 11 ≡; C 16 H 23 ≡; C 10 H 5 ≡ b ; C 11 H 7 ≡ b ; C 12 H 9 ≡ b ; C 16 H 17 ≡ b The individual isomers of the various oxidation products were not identified. Hence, the proposed R groups are tentative.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of type III kerogen from Tyrolean shale (Hahntennjoch, Austria) based on its oxidation products

Bajc

Cvetković

Amblès

et al. 2008

JSCS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 29-step alkaline permanganate degradation of type III kerogen from Tyrolean (Hahntennjoch, Austria) oil shale was performed. A high yield of oxidation products was obtained (93.7 % relative to the original kerogen): 0.5 % neutrals and bases, 19.5 % ether-soluble acids and 58.9 % of precipitated (PA). A substantial amount of kerogen carbon (14.8 %) was oxidized into carbon dioxide. The organic residue remaining after the final oxidation step was 6.9 %. The PA components were further oxidized and the total yields relative to original PA were 1.0 % neutrals and bases and 59.0 % ether-soluble acids, the non-degraded residue being 29.3 %. Detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of all oxidation products suggested the Tyrolean shale kerogen to be a heterogeneous macromolecular substance consisting of three types of structures differing in composition and susceptibility towards alkaline permanganate: the first, resistant, presumably composed of aromatic structures linked by resorcinol ethereal bonds; the second, combined in nature, the aliphatic part comprising methyl-substituents and short cross-links, both easily oxidized into CO 2 , water and low molecular weight acids and aromatic structures yielding aromatic di-and tri-carboxylic acids as oxidation products; finally the third, composed of aliphatic cross-links and substituents, alicyclic (and/or heterocyclic) and some aromatic structures, bound into units moderately resistant towards oxidation. The overall yields of kerogen and PA oxidation products lead towards a balance between aromatic, alkane mono-and dicarboxylic and alkanepolycarboxylic acids, suggesting a shift of the structure of Tyrolean shale kerogen from typical aromatic reference type III towards a heterogeneous aromatic-aliphatic-alicyclic type structure.

show abstract

“…I t has been recognized for some time that the true equivalence point pH for dissociation of the bicarbonate ion to carbonic acid varies with the total alkalinity.P- 10,13 Calculation from fundamental equations shows that the inflection point, or equivalence point pH, for the firstdissociation (carbonate to bicarbonate) is relatively constant at pH 8.35-8.36, so that titration to pH 8.3, as is normally required in standard methods, is sufficiently accurate.…”

Section: Equivalence Pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Carbonate Alkalinity in Natural Waters

Thomas¹,

Lynch²

1960

Journal AWWA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article discusses the Larson and Henley method for determining low alkalinities in rain water. The method increases the accuracy of the determination of carbonate alkalinity as it eliminates the error due to variation of true equivalence point with total alkalinity. The method determines the actual inflection point or equivalence point pH of the titration, and it has been adapted to routine use with no significant decrease in accuracy. The variation of equivalence point of the titration of bicarbonate ion to carbonic acid is graphically shown over a wide range of alkalinities.

show abstract

Determination of hydroxide and carbonate in boiler waters -- I. Methods

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Errors in Determination of Carbonate in Boiler Waters

Errors in Determination of Carbonate in Boiler Waters

Characterization of type III kerogen from Tyrolean shale (Hahntennjoch, Austria) based on its oxidation products

Determination of Carbonate Alkalinity in Natural Waters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About