Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose

Ferreiro-González, Marta; Barbero, Gerardo F.; Ayuso, Jesús; Álvarez, José Ángel Pérez; Barroso, Carmelo Garcı́a

doi:10.3390/s16050695

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Na identificação de acelerantes destacam-se as aplicações quimiométricas, 8 as otimizações realizadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas 9 e análise direta por espectrometria de massas no espaço livre (E-Nose). 10 Nesse escopo, surge a questão problema que deu origem a esse trabalho: quais aplicações práticas e limitações que as simulações computacionais de incêndio e análise química de acelerantes podem agregar de informações para a tomada de decisões do perito de incêndio?…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aplicação Da Fluidodinâmica Computacional (Cfd) E Análise De Acelerantes Na Investigação De Incêndio

2020

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Recebido em 05/10/2019; aceito em 17/02/2020; publicado na web em 13/04/2020 APPLICATION OF COMPUTER FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) AND ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATORS IN FIRE INVESTIGATION. Fire investigation is a complex activity that involves skill, technology, knowledge and science and aims to elucidate fire-related events such as cause, origin, propagation, phenomena, etc. Chemical analysis to verify the presence of foreign substances in that location, as well as the use of fire simulation software are efficient and economical ways to study fire behavior during the occurrence of fire. This work demonstrates the application of Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in the analysis for gasoline and diesel identification in different substrates, as well as the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to aid in the elucidation of fires. The chemical analyses performed showed the possibility of identifying the presence of accelerants even in small quantities (1 μL) and in different types of materials (wood, polyethylene, polyurethane, polyamide and newsprint). The computational model generated by the software proved to be consistent with the data obtained at the scene by the fire expert, thus serving in the hypothesis discard and conclusion of the investigation.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Aplicação Da Fluidodinâmica Computacional (Cfd) E Análise De Acelerantes Na Investigação De Incêndio

2020

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“…Most recent ignitable liquid studies have focused on applying chemometrics , likelihood ratios or mathematical modeling to ignitable liquid analysis. Smith et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Most recent ignitable liquid studies have focused on applying chemometrics (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), likelihood ratios (16) or mathematical modeling (17,18) to ignitable liquid analysis. Smith et al (17) compared experimentally evaporated gasoline (30-90% by mass) to model chromatograms and found only a moderate correlation (0.772) for gasoline that was 90% evaporated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determining the Method Threshold of Identification via Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry of Weathered Gasoline Extracted from Burnt Nylon Carpet,

Hondrogiannis

Newton

Alibozek

2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The Organization of Scientific Area Committees defines threshold of identification as the minimum concentration of ignitable liquid identifiable from gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometry data using accepted pattern identification criteria. We propose a method for determining this threshold for gasoline based on base peak to qualifier ratios of six compounds. The ion ratios were established for each compound in the neat gasoline. These ratios were then compared to those obtained for gasoline and 98% weathered gasoline both spiked onto burnt nylon carpet at 20 ppt down 0.50 ppt, and recovered from the carpet using headspace extraction (ASTM 1412). Identification was confirmed if the compounds’ ion ratios fell within ±25% of that in the neat sample. We found that ion ratios for all samples were acceptable for six compounds at 1.60 and 0.80 ppt for extracted neat and extracted 98% weathered gasoline, respectively, illustrating potential for incorporating into Quality Assurance Programs.

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“…For those reasons, it is necessary to keep investigating new reliable and rapid analytical methods that allow for the detection and identification of the IL [6,7]. A fast and proper identification of the IL allows for making decisions about the legal responsibilities of the incident [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electronic nose (eNose) based on headspace concentration with mass spectrometry (HS-MS eNose) in combination with pattern recognition techniques has been successfully applied for direct analyses of ILR in fire debris samples in order to provide fast and almost fully automated results [6,7]. Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) uses the same sample preparation step than the eNose, i.e., headspace generation, and then, a gas sample is directly injected into the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry for the Determination of Ignitable Liquids from Fire Debris

et al. 2018

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Abstract:A fast and correct identification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris investigation is of high importance in forensic research. Advanced fast analytical methods combined with chemometric tools are usually applied for these purposes. In the present study, the Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) combined with chemometrics is proposed as a promising technique for the identification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris samples. Fire debris samples were created in the laboratory, according to the Destructive Distillation Method for Burning that is provided by the Bureau of Forensic Fire and Explosives. Four different substrates (pine wood, cork, paper, and cotton sheet) and four ignitable liquids of dissimilar composition (gasoline, diesel, ethanol, and paraffin) were used to create the fire debris. The Total Ion Current (TIC) Chromatogram combined with different chemometric tools (hierarchical cluster analysis and linear discriminant analysis) allowed for a full discrimination between samples that were burned with and without ignitable liquids. Additionally, a good identification (95% correct discrimination) for the specific ignitable liquid residues in the samples was achieved. Based on these results, the chromatographic data from HS-GC-IMS have been demonstrated to be very useful for the identification and discrimination of ignitable liquids residues. The main advantages of this approach vs. traditional methodology are that no sample manipulation or solvent is required; it is also faster, cheaper, and easy to use for routine analyses.

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Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Aplicação Da Fluidodinâmica Computacional (Cfd) E Análise De Acelerantes Na Investigação De Incêndio

Aplicação Da Fluidodinâmica Computacional (Cfd) E Análise De Acelerantes Na Investigação De Incêndio

Determining the Method Threshold of Identification via Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry of Weathered Gasoline Extracted from Burnt Nylon Carpet,

Application of Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry for the Determination of Ignitable Liquids from Fire Debris

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