DETERMINATION OF IMIDACLOPRID RESIDUES IN MULBERRY LEAVES BY QuEChERS AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH DIODE ARRAY DETECTION

Dissipation Rates and Effectiveness of Malathion, Imidacloprid, And Dimethoate at Controlling Asian Citrus Psyllids under Field Conditions

“…Our observed IMI, DIM, and MAL dissipation half-lives from citrus leaves (ranging about 1–4 h) were lower than ones previously reported (ranging about 1–4 days) from other crop or plant materials (Table S1). ,,,− ,, Other recent studies reported higher insecticide dissipation rates on leaves than in other medium (water, soil, air) affected by varying field and meteorological conditions, pesticide physiochemical properties, application parameters, plant characteristics, and insecticide mixtures applied with, e.g., varying additives such as adjuvants. ,, However, these studies often involved active ingredients spiked onto wax layers or leaves in a laboratory and have shown mixed results compared to predictive models and field samples; thus, they may not be applicable to what is observed in field trials. ,,, Initial metabolite formation and decreased concentrations over time could affect target pests if the metabolite is toxic toward ACP (e.g., MALX is more toxic toward ACP than MAL) . Therefore, the insecticide’s mode of action and metabolite toxicity are important to consider.…”

“…Pesticide measurements in plant materials from the field have shown that dissipation half-lives are 1.8–3.8 days (imidacloprid), 1.2–2.2 days (malathion), and 1.1–4.1 days (dimethoate) in various fruit and vegetable crops or flower plants (e.g., cotton, cherries, tomatoes, broccoli, figs, lettuce, kidney beans, tea, spinach, and chicory) (Table S1). ,,− However, observations from field studies are needed to understand the connection between insecticide dissipation and efficacy against ACP. While some have begun to investigate the relationship between insecticide dissipation and pest control, it is important to determine active ingredient and metabolite residual kinetics in plant materials and their impact on controlling ACP over time to better understand efficacy in citrus groves battling HLB.…”

Determination of imidacloprid in brinjal and okra fruits, decontamination and its dietary risk assessment

“…The analytical method must be sensitive to detect and quantify the traces of imidacloprid at or below the MRLs. Reviews on analytical methods for estimation of imidacloprid in different substrates were reported as; in potato and onion with LOD and LOQ of0.0075 and 0.015 μg/g; 0.006 and 0.012 μg/g, respectively [ 11 ]; rice straw with LOQ of 0.015 μg/g [ 12 ]; grape leaves, berries and soil with LOD and LOQ of 0.017 and 0.05 μg/g [ 13 ]; brinjal and soil with LOD of 0.003 and LOQ of 0.01 μg/g [ 14 ]; cotton seed cake with LOQ of 5.0 μg/g [ 15 ]; mulberry leaves with LOQ of 0.01 μg/g [ 16 ] using HPLC with PDA detector. Further, it was detected through colorimetric using a graphene chemosensor and HPLC-DAD [ 17 , 18 ].…”