Determination of inorganic arsenic in water by a quartz crystal microbalance

Abstract

A quartz crystal microbalance sensor has been developed for the determination of inorganic arsenic species in water. The gold electrode surface was modified by a self-assembled layer of dithiothreitol, and the frequency change of the modified crystal was proportional to the arsenic concentration from 0 to around 50 mg L À1 , a range which spans the current US EPA maximum contaminent level of 10 mg L À1 in drinking water. As dithiothreitol is capable of reducing arsenate to arsenite, the sensor detects both species. The method was applied to the determination of arsenic in spiked rain, tap, pond and bottled water; recoveries not significantly different from 100% were obtained for a number of spike additions of less than 10 mg L À1 . Arsenic was only detected in the bottled water sample, at a concentration of 8 mg L À1 . This method is simple, fast, and inexpensive compared with other conventional arsenic detection methods, and has the potential to be used in the field.

Simple, Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Phenylarsine Oxide in Drinking Water Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance: A Novel Surface Functionalization Technique

“…When considering the recent state of the art for under development arsenic detection methods, this work is able to compete the peer‐techniques in terms of both limit of detection (LOD) and linear range (Table ). In addition to this positive contribution to the recent state of the art, the summarized methods require complex, troublesome and time‐consuming chemical surface modification procedures, except the study listed on Table . In this study, we were capable of modifying the gold sensor surface in 1 hour by using a simple procedure with relatively inexpensive chemicals and detecting PAO with a LOD of 1 ng/mL and a linear range from 1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL.…”

“…The Experimental Section and the stability and anti-interference properties of QCM sensor in drinking water without PAO are available in the Supporting Information. Optical aptasensor 25 h 3 h 6.1 10-50 [24] Electrochemical nanotubes 84 h 10 min 5 0.3-50 [25] Electrochemical aptasensor 7 h 4 h 250 50-10,000 [26] Electrochemical aptasensor 25 h 3 h 0.78 1-15, 30-150 [24] Electrochemical QCM 24 h 40 min 22 25,000-100,000 [27] Piezoelectric aptasensor 26 h 2 h 4.4 2.5-314 [28] QCM 1 h 7 min 20 1.5-50 [20] QCM…”

“…Nowadays, QCM systems can be also operated as on‐site monitoring devices. A study focusing on the determination of the amount of inorganic arsenic from 0 to around 50 ng/mL by QCM in rainwater, pond water, river water and bottled water samples has proved that arsenic could be only detected at a concentration of 8 ng/mL in the bottled water samples (the rest less than 10 ng/mL), and the QCM sensor could be used for the determination of arsenic in real water samples additionally . Since the sensitivity of the sensor is adequate for the concentrations as small as 0.1 ng/mL, the safe detection limit can be reduced to 1 ng/mL.…”

“…A study focusing on the determination of the amount of inorganic arsenic from 0 to around 50 ng/mL by QCM in rainwater, pond water, river water and bottled water samples has proved that arsenic could be only detected at a concentration of 8 ng/mL in the bottled water samples (the rest less than 10 ng/mL), and the QCM sensor could be used for the determination of arsenic in real water samples additionally. [20] Since the sensitivity of the sensor is adequate for the concentrations as small as 0.1 ng/mL, the safe detection limit can be reduced to 1 ng/mL. In the following steps, the most optimal surface functionalization for arsenic detection is determined by a commercially available method such as QCM, which is generally accepted by the detection method, to detect arsenic in very small concentrations in drinking water samples and ultimately to design electrochemical sensor which allows small in situ detection.…”

Sulu Çözeltide Arseniğin Nanokompozit Tabanlı Elektrokimyasal Algılanmasının Geliştirilmesi

“…The analytical signal is the resulting from peak-shaped (bell-shaped) voltammogram. DPASV is a two-fold process which first does the deposition of dropped arsenic concentration solution on the working surface before it is stripped [18], [19]. Optimizing DPASV for arsenic detection using a handheld device will reduce cost, allow onsite water analysis, and help initiate a rapid containment response in cases of highly contaminated water sources.…”