Determination of Iodine: In Thyroid and Its Preparations by Cerate Oxidimetry

Abstract

AN attempt to develop a procedure which would be superior to that in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia XI for the determination of iodine in thyroid preparations, the methods presented in the literature by Middleton (4), Kendall (2), and Harrington and Randall (1), involving fusion with an alkali in the presence of an oxidizing agent, and by Trevorrow and Fashena (7), incorporating oxidation in an acid medium, were investigated.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Microquantities of Iodine

“…Prior to the actual isolation of iodine in the potassium iodide solution it is necessary to destroy any organic material associated with the iodine. Two methods for the destruction of organic matter have been employed: alkaline fusion (15,19,31,32,39,44) and wet oxidation (5,6,16,17,35).…”

Liability Rules in Patent Law

“…A judge decides about the grant and cancellation [Article 40e (6)]. 154 They are considered to be efficient as long as the remuneration is determined at an efficient point, 155 which is also consistent with the considerations in Chap. A research tool in that area is, for instance, the polymerase chain reaction, which allows the amplification of nucleotide sequences.…”

“…150 However, any proposal should also encompass, as some authors have pointed out, another consideration: when transaction costs for the involved parties are high, information costs 151 for the body that would determine compensation are low and a third instance would always be able to set compensation efficiently. 155 As a result, by rejecting the assumption that assessment costs are low when transaction costs are high, it cannot be abstractly asserted that liability rules are always better when transaction costs are high. For example, the strategy of the parties may lead to inadequate information about the infringer's benefits and would prevent the instance from setting compensation efficiently.…”

“…152 Secondly, there should be strong incentives to use the EU patent system because firms can save translation and other costs. 155 Fifthly, the risk of encouraging patent trolls should be lower compared with the official proposal of the EU patent. 154 An innocent infringer may be defined as a person who uses the patented invention but does not know or could not reasonably have been expected to know of the patent's existence.…”

“…The former should typically present more cost-savings and the patentee cannot make a decision whether he prefers a non-exclusive right up until the patent expires, but only after the patent grant; additionally, a withdrawal is not possible. 155 Ibid. However, as the patentee expects lower value, it will probably be used for patents from bigger firms in the field of complex technologies because cost is of special concern to them and the potential of exclusion may be of lesser importance.…”