“…[3][4][5][6][7][8] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop chemical sensors that are capable of detecting and monitoring iron levels in environmental samples. Considerable efforts have been made to develop various detection methods, such as uorescent spectrometry, [9][10][11][12][13][14] electro-chromic techniques 15,16 ow injection spectro-photometry, 17,18 chromatography, 19,20 mass spectrometry, 21 nuclear magnetic resonance, 22 and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 23 However, these instrumentally intensive methods oen require utilizing sophisticated instrumentation or complicated pretreatment procedures, and are not suitable for on-line or in-eld monitoring.…”