Determination of kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition of phenolic ablative materials by a multiple heating rate method

Henderson, J. B.; Wiebelt, J. A.; Tant, Martin R.; Moore, G. R.

doi:10.1016/0040-6031(81)85019-8

Cited by 53 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The magnitude of the E a values is expected to reflect the extent of crosslinking of the resins. However, it should be noted that E a for the decomposition of the phenolic resins was reported by Rama Rao et al 21 to be about 9 kJ/mol, whereas for glass-phenolic composites, a value of 270 kJ/mol was reported by Henderson et al 22 and a value of 42-77 kJ/mol was reported by Ninan. 23 This indicates clearly that the extent of curing has a significant influence on the calculated E a values.…”

Section: E a Values Of Thermal Decomposition By Tgamentioning

confidence: 92%

Activation energy and curing behavior of resol‐ and novolac‐type phenolic resins by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis

Lee

Kim

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

102

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ABSTRACT:The thermal behavior, thermal degradation kinetics, and pyrolysis of resol and novolac phenolic resins with different curing conditions, as a function of the formaldehyde/phenol (F/P) molar ratio (1.3, 1.9, and 2.5 for the resol resins and 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 for the novolac resins) were investigated. The activation energy of the thermal reaction was studied with differential scanning calorimetry at five different heating rates (2, 5, 10, 20, and 40°C/min) between 50 and 300°C. The activation energy of the thermal decomposition was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis at five different heating rates (2, 5, 10, 20, and 40°C/min) from 30 to 800°C. The low molar ratio resins exhibited a higher activation energy than the high molar ratio resins in the curing process. This meant that less heat was needed to cure the high molar ratio resins. Therefore, the higher the molar ratio was, the lower the activation energy was of the reaction. As the thermal decomposition of the resol resins proceeded, the activation energy sharply decreased at first and then remained almost constant. The activation energy of the thermal decomposition for novolac resins with F/P ϭ 0.5 or F/P ϭ 0.7 was almost identical in all regions, whereas that for novolac resins with F/P ϭ 0.9 gradually decreased as the reaction proceeded.

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Section: E a Values Of Thermal Decomposition By Tgamentioning

confidence: 92%

Activation energy and curing behavior of resol‐ and novolac‐type phenolic resins by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis

Lee

Kim

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

102

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“…The derivative of C is widely adopted for being proportional to the n-th power of the undecomposed part, 1-C, which is expressed as [13,14]:…”

Section: Pyrolysis Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled electrical-thermal-pyrolytic analysis of carbon fiber/epoxy composites subjected to lightning strike

Dong

Guo

Sun

et al. 2015

Polymer

114

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“…For completeness, we include both types of reaction in the analysis. For reactions which depend on temperature only R, is expressed as [3] where n, is the order of the reaction, k~ is the rate constant, e, is the activation energy, Tis the absolute temperature, and ~ is the universal gas constant. For reactions which depend on the temperature rate only, R~ is written as where Tbc is the temperature at which the charring reaction begins, and Tee is the temperature at which it ends.…”

Section: Char Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Thermomechanical Behavior of Carbon-Phenolic and Carbon-Carbon Composites, I. Analysis

McManus

Springer

1992

Journal of Composite Materials

116

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The high temperature behavior of carbon-phenolic and carbon-carbon composites was investigated. Models were developed which describe the thermal and mechanical responses of such composites when rapidly heated to high temperatures. On the basis of the models, a computer code was written that provides the temperature and pressure distributions, vapor and volatile formation rates, amount of char, stress and strain, and damage in carbon-phenolic and carbon-carbon plates.

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Determination of kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition of phenolic ablative materials by a multiple heating rate method

Cited by 53 publications

References 7 publications

Activation energy and curing behavior of resol‐ and novolac‐type phenolic resins by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis

Activation energy and curing behavior of resol‐ and novolac‐type phenolic resins by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis

Coupled electrical-thermal-pyrolytic analysis of carbon fiber/epoxy composites subjected to lightning strike

High Temperature Thermomechanical Behavior of Carbon-Phenolic and Carbon-Carbon Composites, I. Analysis

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