Determination of lead and cadmium in seawater using a vibrating silver amalgam microwire electrode

Electroanalysis in environmental monitoring: Tracking trace metals—A mini review

“…Under optimized conditions, a silver amalgamated microwire (SAM) electrode exhibited low LOD for Pb (4 pM) and for Cd (100 pM), which was sufficient for their analysis in open Atlantic and Pacific seawater samples [46].…”

Sensitive Determination of Folic Acid using a Solid Bismuth Microelectrode by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

“…Furthermore, using microelectrodes leads in many cases to favorable signal to noise ratio [35]. For the construction of microelectrodes metallic electrode materi-als [36][37][38][39][40] as well as various carbon materials and composites were utilized [41][42][43][44] and many different geometries of microelectrodes were proposed [45].…”

Copper film electrode for anodic stripping voltammetric determination of trace mercury and lead

“…Mercury film electrodes had been the most widely used metal-film electrodes for stripping analysis [1,2] before the introduction of bismuth [3], lead [4], antimony [5], tin [6] and amalgam [7] film electrodes, usually deposited on a variety of carbon-based substrates, as more environmentally acceptable alternatives. Copper-based electrodes have been mainly used for detecting glucose [8] or carbohydrates in general [9,10], nitrate [11,12], formaldehyde [13], and hydrazine [14] and for electrochemical reduction of CO 2 [15].…”