Determination of Lead in Ambient Aerosol Samples by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry on a Bismuth Film Electrode

Abstract

Cd and Pb determination in ambient aerosol samples based on SWASV at a Bi film glassy carbon electrode is described. Extremely acid solutions resulting from sample digestion were directly assayed, with sufficient detection limits for testing the fulfilment of air quality regulations. Accuracy was tested on NIST Standard Reference Materials and real aerosol samples, with good recoveries for Pb comparable to ICP-MS results. Cd was not detected, probably due to the combined effects of low Cd and high interfering Zn and Cu contents. The proposed method provides an attractive alternative to ICP-MS with potential applicability for decentralized analysis.

Nafion-Protected Sputtered-Bismuth Screen-Printed Electrode for On-site Voltammetric Measurements of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in Natural Water Samples

“…Anthropogenic activities, such as mining, industrial processing, vehicle emissions or agricultural fertilization, may lead to increase the concentration of this metals that may enter the human body through drinking water, air, food, or by absorption through the skin. The use of bismuth as a working electrode for the electrochemical determination of these trace elements in environmental samples have been largely proved as an effective alternative instead of mercury drop working electrodes [1,2,3,4,5,6]. These bismuth-based electrodes studies are focused in solving some of the problems that mercury electrodes show, namely, technical constrictions or toxicity.…”

Improved sensitive detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in water samples at electrodeposited silver nanonuts on a glassy carbon electrode

“…11,12 But, in these cases the ASV signals were distorted under natural water systems, due to the presence of surfactants and other inorganic metal ions. Numerous modified electrodes such as silver electrodes, 13,14 bismuth-antimony film electrodes, 15 antimony film microelectrodes, 16 barium hydrogen phosphate modified carbon paste electrodes, 17 bismuth-PANI modified glassy carbon electrodes, 18 bismuth film glassy carbon electrodes, 19 carbonmercury thin film electrodes, 20 organofunctionalized SBA-15 nanostructured silica modified graphite-polyurethane composite electrodes, 21 unmodified edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes, 22 are reported for the detection of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ . But, these methods showed interference of other ions, and low efficiency.…”