Determination of Lead in Drinking and Wastewater by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Lead determination by HG-MIP OES with nitrogen plasma after a variable optimization study

“…Kratzer [10] used a continuous flow generation system for PbH 4 generation in 0.030 mol L -1 K 3 Fe(CN) 6 and found a signal enhancement up to 0.10 mol L -1 HCl, a plateau up to 0.2 mol L -1 HCl and a signal drop for higher acidic concentrations. Similar results were found by Bakirdere et al [37] using the same K 3 Fe(CN) 6 concentration in a batch system with an optimum signal at 0.16 mol L -1 HNO 3 followed by a decay which they attribute to the degradation of the ferrycyanide. Nonetheless, Afonso et al [36] used more concentrated ferricyanide, 0.090 mol L -1 K 3 Fe(CN) 6 and found the optimum acidic concentration quite close, at 0.091 mol L -1 HCl for a continuous flow system by ICP OES determination.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge this is the first research of the PbH 4 generation behaviour in acidic medium for determination by the MIP OES with nitrogen plasma system. HG -ICP OES 1.0 [40] HG -AAS 0.56 [37] HG -MIP OES 0.54 Present work HG -ICP MS 0.20 [41] ICP MS 0.18 [41]…”

A simple and cost-effective paper-based and colorimetric dual-mode detection of arsenic(iii) and lead(ii) based on glucose-functionalized gold nanoparticles

“…Several advanced analytical methods exist for the detection of As(III) and Pb(II) in water samples. Among them, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, 5,6 hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry, 7,8 graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry, 9,10 inductive coupled plasma hyphenated with atomic emission spectrometry, 11,12 inductively coupled plasma hyphenated with mass spectrometry, 13 atomic uorescence spectrometry, 14,15 and cyclic voltammetry 16,17 are the most widely used. The advanced instruments are costly, sensitive, have high consumption, require professional operators and other expensive instruments as well as complex sample pretreatment processes.…”

“…Furthermore, these conventional methods are not economical because heavy metal elements are rarely discovered in the environment during routine inspections. [6][7][8] Therefore, creating a simple and low-cost approach to meet practically the requirements for the detection of heavy metals in water samples is necessary. A number of colorimetric paper-based analytical devices have been used to detect several chemical substances because these devices provide the characteristics of simplicity, portability, rapidity, disposability, and selectiveness.…”

“…In India, the ground waters of Chhattisgarh and West Bengal states are exceedingly contaminated with As, which exceed the World Health Organization's (WHO) drinking water guidelines (10 μg L −1 ). 8 Therefore, the detection of As( iii ) and Pb( ii ) in water samples is important to know the mechanism pathway of these pollutants entering into different compartments of the environment.…”