Determination of levels of fluoride and trace metal ions in drinking waters and remedial measures to purify water

Abstract

Fluoride is recognized to be most effective caries-preventive agent. The main source of fluoride for people is generally food and drinking water. For this reason, fluoride and other metal ion concentrations in the drinking water samples were estimated. For the determination of fluoride, Na, Li and K an ion -meter and flame photometer were used. While the concentrations of other metal ions (Mn, Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn and Cu) were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical parameters and multiple correlations between paired water samples were also calculated. For the purification of water, adsorption technique was adopted using Al 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 -Pb 0.1, Al 2 O 3 -Pb 0. 01 doping systems. Adsorption isotherm equations were also applied to calculate the values of respective constants. Thermodynamic parameters (∆ ∆ ∆ ∆G o , ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆H o and ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆S o ) were also calculated. According to the results obtained, the metal ion concentration in the drinking waters in the studied area are within the safe drinking water regulation limits and also the fluoride level is lower then the permissible limit for flouride.

Removal of Methylene Blue and Malachite Green Dye Using Different Form of Coconut Fibre as Absorbent

“…Absorption has been found to be an efficient and economically cheap process to remove pollutants such as colors, dyes and metal impurities [6]. Some of the adsorbent materials that have been used with varying success include rice husk [7,8] , cornelian cherry, apricot stone, almond shell [9,10], cotton stalks [11], coir pith [12], wood [13], sunflower stalks [14], charcoal [15,16] and orange peel [17] were successfully employed for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.…”