Determination of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates and dialkyltetralinsulfonates in water and sediment by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Trehy, Michael L.; Gledhill, William E.; Orth, Ronald

doi:10.1021/ac00222a012

Cited by 108 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), sometimes products of their degradation (long-chain sulfophenyl carboxylate compounds -SPC, dialkyltetralinsulfonates -DATS) were isolated from untreated and treated sewage, river water, sea water and groundwater with use of sorbent different types of sorbents like graphitized black carbon (GBC) [26,27], strong anion exchange resins (SAX) [28,29], octyl silica (C 8 ) [30], hydroxylated polystyrene divinylbenzene co-polymer (Isolute ENV+) [31]. But the octadecyl silica sorbent has been the most widely employed for extraction of LAS from liquid samples with high recoveries (from 90 to 120%) [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Sample Preparation Step Liquid Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Surfactants in Environmental Samples. Part II. Anionic Compounds

Olkowska¹,

Ruman²,

Kowalska³

et al. 2013

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:Surface active agents (SAA) with negative charge of polar group are named as anionic compounds. They are the main constituent of most products containing synthetic surfactants. The linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), alkyl ethoxysulfates (AES) and alkyl sulfates (AS) are typically applied from this class of compounds. Those surfactants are ingredients of household detergents and cleaners, laundry detergents, cosmetic etc. Moreover they can be applied in the paper, textile and tanning industry as optical brighteners, dispersant, wetting and suspending agents. They can be substrates in the formulation of different products like dyes, pigments, pesticides, exchange resins, plasticizers and pharmaceuticals. Anionic surfactants after use are passed into sewage-treatment plants, where they are partially degraded and adsorbed to sewage sludge (applied in agriculture fields). Finally, the anionic SAA or their degradation products are discharged into surface waters and onto bottom sediments, soils or living organisms. Therefore, it is important (widely application, bioaccumulation, toxicity for living organisms) to investigate the environmental fate of those class of compounds in more details. This research involves determination the concentration of anionic surfactants with use appropriated analytical techniques in environmental samples The official methodology for determination of anionic SAA in liquid samples is based on the ion-pair reaction of these analytes compounds with methylene blue (MB) and an extraction with toxic solvent chloroform. During isolation step of anionic compounds from solid samples are employed Soxhlet and ultrasonic-assisted extraction techniques with use of methanol or mixture of other organic solvents as extraction medium. To overcome disadvantages of those traditional techniques were applied following techniques at sample preparation step from liquid and solid matrices: solid-phase extraction (SPE) and solid-phases microextraction (SPME); accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), respectively. For estimate total concentration of anionic analytes in extracts the spectrophotometric technique is used (as official regulation). For determination concentration of individual analytes were applied gas (derivatization step requires) and liquid chromatography mainly with mass spectrometry technique. The presence of anionic surface active agents was confirmed in various ecosystems (liquid and solid environmental samples).

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Section: Sample Preparation Step Liquid Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Surfactants in Environmental Samples. Part II. Anionic Compounds

Olkowska¹,

Ruman²,

Kowalska³

et al. 2013

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…NP and NPEO have been detected in seawater at concentrations up to 20 lg L -1 (Bester et al 2001;Gonzalez et al 2004). Specific analyses for LAS, NPEO and their metabolites are usually performed by solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by gas chromatography (GC) (Ding and Tzing 1998;Trehy et al 1990) or liquid chromatography (LC) (Castillo et al 2000;Di Corcia et al 1994;Lara-Martin et al 2010;Sarrazin et al 1997). For some metabolites, GC requires a derivatization step prior to analysis, so LC analysis is often preferred when a global analytical method has to be devised for a general surfactant study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and fate of selected surfactants in seawater at the outfall of the Marseille urban sewerage system

Robert‐Peillard

Syakti

Coulomb

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This paper describes an investigation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO) and their metabolites in the vicinity of the Marseille sewage outfall (wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 1.860 million inhabitant equivalents, Northwestern Mediterranean, southeast of France). This analytical survey describes their occurrence in the subsurface and sea surface layers and investigates their possible fates in this marine environment. The results indicated the presence of LAS in both layers and up to 3 km from the discharge point, whereas the concentration of sulfophenyl carboxylic acids, which are the main metabolites of LAS, was only significant near the sewer outfall and in the surface layer. The NPEO were present only in minor quantities, especially near the discharge point, and no other selected metabolites were detected. The fate of the surfactants in question was then assessed by two types of experiments according to their potential means of degradation under natural conditions. Biodegradation assays were conducted according to a protocol defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (''Biodegradability in sea water, 835.3160''), with variations in the substrate input frequencies. Photodegradation experiments were carried out in a solar simulator reactor. These results demonstrated the low photodegradability and rapid primary biodegradation of LAS (with half-life times between 10.3 and 11.5 days) in the coastal area under study, although some LAS metabolites were more recalcitrant to biodegradation in this specific environment, which was also validated by linear alkylbenzene analysis in the two selected sediment stations.

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“…LAS and SPCs characterization and quantification using GC-MS after a derivatization step (in order to obtain their corresponding ester derivatives) has been satisfactory [16][17][18][19][20][21] although tedious as consequence of the previous derivatization procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of sulfophenyl carboxylic acids in agricultural groundwater samples by CE with ultraviolet absorption detection

et al. 2008

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An analytical method for the determination of six sulfophenyl carboxylic acids, namely (p-sulfophenyl)acetic, 2-(p-sulfophenyl)propionic, 2-(p-sulfophenyl)butyric, 3-(p-sulfophenyl)butyric, 4-(p-sulfophenyl)butyric, and 5-(p-sulfophenyl)valerianic acid, in agricultural irrigation water samples was developed. It involves an SPE procedure, an on-line preconcentration normal stacking mode and subsequent separation and determination using CE with UV detection (CE-UV). p-Sulfobenzoic acid was used as internal standard. The compounds were separated with an uncoated capillary and a 25 mM ammonium acetate/acetic acid buffer solution (pH 5.5) with 2-propanol (30% v/v) and 0.75 mM CTAB. Analyses were run at -25 kV, 25 degrees C, and 100 s of hydrodynamic injection with UV detection at 225 nm. Quantification limits found ranged between 4 and 6 ng/mL. The proposed method was validated using a recovery assay. It was satisfactorily used for the determination of these compounds in groundwater samples to track down the biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in an agricultural soil from the fertile plain of Granada (Spain).

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Determination of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates and dialkyltetralinsulfonates in water and sediment by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Cited by 108 publications

References 24 publications

Determination of Surfactants in Environmental Samples. Part II. Anionic Compounds

Determination of Surfactants in Environmental Samples. Part II. Anionic Compounds

Occurrence and fate of selected surfactants in seawater at the outfall of the Marseille urban sewerage system

Determination of sulfophenyl carboxylic acids in agricultural groundwater samples by CE with ultraviolet absorption detection

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