Determination of Local Anesthetic Drugs in Human Plasma Using Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

In this work, magnetic tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA)-modified carboxyl–carbon nanotubes were synthesized, characterized, and used as adsorbents to conduct magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) for the preconcentration of seven local anesthetic drugs (procaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, oxybuprocaine, bupivacaine, tetracaine, and cinchocaine) from human plasma. The separation and determination of analytes were performed on high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Several factors affected the extraction efficiency, such as the amount of adsorbents used, extraction time, sample pH, and optimization of elution conditions. Under optimal conditions, satisfactory linear relationships were obtained in the range of 0.02–5.00 mg/L, with the limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.003 mg/L to 0.008 mg/L. The recoveries of analytes for spiked human plasma were in the range of 82.0–108%. Moreover, the precision with intra-day and inter-day RSD values were obtained in the range of 1.5–7.7% and 1.5–8.3%. The results indicated that this method could determine the concentration of seven local anesthetic drugs in human plasma with high precision and repeatability and provide support for the clinical monitoring of the concentration of local anesthetic drugs in human plasma.

The Influence of the Nature of the Polymer Incorporating the Same A3B Multifunctional Porphyrin on the Optical or Electrical Capacity to Recognize Procaine

“…Potentiometric detection diamond/graphite hybrid with a molecular imprint membrane 4 × 10 −8 -2.5 × 10 −5 1.5 × 10 −8 [6] Potentiometric titration 10 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopic technique FTO electrodes modified with silver-decorated carbon nanospheres 10 −6 -10 −12 10 −13 [12] SERS and EC-SERS Pd-loaded highly reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite substrate 10 −2 -10 −7 10 −8 [13] Magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography -8.46 × 10 −8 -2.12 × 10 −5 1.68 × 10 −8 [14] Porphyrins alone or associated with other chromophores have been intensively used in sensor formulations for extended biomedical analysis. A symmetrical carboxyphenyl substituted porphyrin, namely, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, has been previously reported in MOF preparations and acts as a dual-mode electroluminescent sensor for the detection of the anti-inflammatory drug S-naproxen [15].…”

An isocratic RP-HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of tizanidine and lidocaine: application to in vitro release studies of a subcutaneous implant

“…Methods for quantifying LD were developed in conjunction with preservatives 18 and other drugs, serving as antiseptics, 19 antiparasitic, 20 antifungal, 20 anti-inammatory, 21 analgesic, 22 mucolytic, 23 antiviral 24,25 and corticosteroids. 21 Additionally, other validated methods exist for determining the drug in polymeric matrices, [26][27][28] plasma, 29,30 and in new topical dosage forms. 25,[31][32][33] Methods for the quan-tication of TZ, on the other hand, were described for analysing the drug alone, 34,35 concurrently with other drugs like muscle relaxants, 36 analgesics, [37][38][39] and anti-inammatories, [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] and from pharmaceutical formulations.…”

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Anesthetics in Mice by Solid-Phase Microextraction: Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Mass Spectrometry

“…There have been many deaths caused by improper administration or dosage of local anesthetics. − Current research only focused on the concentration of drugs in plasma, while there are few studies on pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and tissue distribution of local anesthetics. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and liquid chromatography–high-resolution MS (LC–HRMS) are able to detect the concentration of drugs in blood, plasma, urine, and tissue homogenates. − If a high detection sensitivity is required, various pretreatment methods have been developed to extract local anesthetics, such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), , liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), , and microextraction in a packed syringe (MEPS) . Because body parts to be examined need to be available as tissue homogenates before being extracted for analysis, it often takes several hours to get results by these methods, and some drugs are often lost in this process.…”