Determination of low level exposure to volatile aromatic hydrocarbons and genotoxic effects in workers at a styrene plant.

Holz, Olaf; Scherer, Gerhard; Brodtmeier, S; Koops, F; Warncke, K; Krause, Tanja; Austen, A; Angerer, J.; Tricker, Anthony R.; Adlkofer, F.

doi:10.1136/oem.52.6.420

Cited by 43 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Concentrations of ethylbenzene metabolites in before-shift and after-shift urine were significantly higher in workers exposed to 85 to >921 ppm ethylbenzene in a styrene plant than in control workers exposed to 33.4-66.8 ppm (Holz et al 1995).…”

Section: Inhalation Exposurementioning

confidence: 90%

“…After 4 weeks of exposure to 382 ppm, rats showed sporadic lacrimation, whereas mice and rabbits showed no ocular effects at 782 and 1,610 ppm, respectively (Cragg et al 1989). No ocular effects were seen in rats or mice after a 13-week exposure to 975 ppm ethylbenzene (NTP 1992 Holz et al (1995) reported no increase in sister chromatid exchanges, DNA adduct formation, micronuclei, or DNA single-strand breaks in the peripheral lymphocytes of workers exposed to low levels of ethylbenzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and xylene) in a styrene plant.…”

Section: Systemic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elimination of ethylbenzene has been studied in volunteers exposed by inhalation (Bardodej and Bardodejova 1970;Dutkiewicz and Tyras 1967;Engstrom and Bjurstrom 1978;Gromiec and Piotrowski 1984;Knecht et al 2000;Tardif et al 1997;Yamasaki 1984) and in humans exposed by inhalation in the occupational setting (Holz et al 1995;Jang et al 2001;Kawai et al 1991Kawai et al , 1992Ogata and Taguchi 1988). Elimination of ethylbenzene in exhaled air in volunteers exposed to 33 ppm ethylbenzene exhibited multi-phasic kinetics with an early-phase half time of <1 hour (Tardif et al 1997).…”

Section: Inhalation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are limited data on the genotoxicity of ethylbenzene in humans. Two studies examined potential genotoxic effects in workers (Holz et al 1995;Sram et al 2004); the interpretation of these results is limited by co-exposure to other chemicals (e.g., benzene, toluene, styrene). In vivo genotoxicity studies in laboratory animals did not cause significant alterations in micronuclei formation (Mohtashamipur et al 1985;NTP 1992NTP , 1999 or unscheduled DNA syntheseis (Clay 2001).…”

Section: Chronic-duration Exposure and Cancer The Database Of Chronimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene

2002

ATSDR's Toxicological Profiles

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Section: Inhalation Exposurementioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Systemic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inhalation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chronic-duration Exposure and Cancer The Database Of Chronimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene

2002

ATSDR's Toxicological Profiles

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“…Until now, biomonitoring studies which have looked for protein or DNA adducts produced after exposure to suspected genotoxic agents, were mainly limited to the analysis of the peripheral blood [25]. Using induced sputum it is now possible to assess alterations in cells that are derived directly from the airways or lung, i.e.…”

Section: Clinical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive methods to measure airway inflammation: future considerations

et al. 2000

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This last contribution to the series focuses on open questions regarding: 1) methodological issues; and 2) the potential clinical application of the noninvasive methods such as induced sputum and the analysis of exhaled air for the assessment of airway inflammation. In addition their potential future role in occupational health and the early diagnosis of neoplastic lesions are briefly discussed. The future clinical application of noninvasive methods will depend on the progress made to improve their practicability, particularly in rendering them less time consuming and cheaper. To assess their clinical value, prospective studies are needed to establish whether patients actually benefit from the results obtained. This is also important to implement the methods into the healthcare system and to obtain adequate financial compensation. Therefore, it is necessary to know: 1) whether the assessment of airway inflam‐mation can aid in coming to an earlier and better defined diagnosis; 2) whether by repeated monitoring it is possible to avoid exacerbations through earlier interventions; and 3) whether the long‐term outcome of patients is improved through knowledge of the type and degree of airway inflammation that is taken into account in selecting the appropriate treatment. In the meantime a wealth of data has become available, both for induced sputum and the analysis of exhaled air, which give these methods the potential to be incorporated into future clinical practice. This, however, will, amongst the other issues, depend on favourable cost‐benefit ratios which should also be the subject of future prospective studies.

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Aromatic Hydrocarbons—Benzene and Other Alkylbenzenes

Kerzic

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Benzene and its alkyl derivatives are monocyclic aromatic compounds (arenes). The compounds are of considerable economic importance as industrial raw materials, solvents, and components of innumerable commercial and consumer products, and as precursors in the production of drugs, plastics, synthetic rubber, and dyes. The aromatics differ vastly in chemical, physical, and biological characteristics from the aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons. The aromatics are typically more toxic to humans and other mammals than are the aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons; toxic effects of prime importance are the toxicity of benzene to the hematopoietic system resulting in aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and acute myeloid leukemias (AML) as a result of chronic exposures, and central nervous system effects with acute exposures for the class. The simplest single‐ring aromatic hydrocarbon compound is benzene, the nonsubstituted ring system. When one methyl group is attached to the ring, methylbenzene or toluene is formed, and with two attached methyl groups, dimethylbenzene or xylene is formed. Xylene occurs in three isomeric forms: ortho (1,2)‐, meta (1,3)‐, and para (1,4)‐dimethylbenzene. Other important substituted benzenes are phenol (hydroxy‐) and aniline (amino‐). The hemimellitenes and mesitylenes possess three methyl groups, durene four, and the penta and hexamethylbenzenes, five and six methyl groups, respectively. Other industrially important compounds are ethylbenzene and isopropylbenzene or cumene.

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Determination of low level exposure to volatile aromatic hydrocarbons and genotoxic effects in workers at a styrene plant.

Cited by 43 publications

References 43 publications

Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene

Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene

Noninvasive methods to measure airway inflammation: future considerations

Aromatic Hydrocarbons—Benzene and Other Alkylbenzenes

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