Determination of major and minor elements in dairy products through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after wet partial digestion and neutron activation analysis

Kira, Carmen Silvia; Maihara, V. A.

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.09.014

Cited by 68 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Samples containing a high amount of proteins were subjected to a wetdigestion step prior to ICP-analysis as suggested by Kira et al [20]. Aliquots of 100 µL of sample were mixed with 1 mL of HNO 3 (65 % v/v) and heated to boiling temperature for at least an hour or until de-coloration occurred leaving a clear solution as evidence of organics being fully digested.…”

Section: Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (Icpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fouling mechanisms of dairy streams during membrane distillation

Hausmann

Sartipy

Vasiljevic

et al. 2013

Journal of Membrane Science

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This study reports on fouling mechanisms of skim milk and whey during membrane distillation (MD) using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes. Structural and elemental changes along the fouling layer from the anchor point at the membrane to the top surface of the fouling layer have been investigated using synchrotron IR micro-spectroscopy and electron microscopy with associated energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Initial adhesion of single components on a membrane representing a PTFE surface was observed in-situ utilizing reflectometry. Whey components were found to penetrate into the membrane matrix while skim milk fouling remained on top of the membrane. Whey proteins had weaker attractive interaction with the membrane and adhesion depended more on the presence of phosphorus near the membrane surface and throughout to establish the fouling layer. This work has given detailed insight into the fouling mechanisms of MD membranes in major dairy streams, essential for maintaining membrane distillation operational for acceptable times, therewith allowing further development of this emerging technology. 2 IntroductionMembrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven membrane process and relies on a highly hydrophobic porous membrane to maintain a liquid-vapour interface. Common membrane materials for MD are polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and PTFE [1,2]. The highest performing membrane material for MD is PTFE due to its high hydrophobicity, chemical inertness and open porous structure [3]. Fouling in the MD process is different to that observed in pressure driven processes such as RO. The low operating pressure used in MD may potentially lead to a less compact, more easily removed, fouling layer. Also, since only volatile compounds pass through the membrane pores, the potential for in-pore fouling is minimized in MD applications. Studies of MD processes have, however, revealed that penetration of foulants into the membrane can occur in some instances [4]. There is a need for a better understanding how dairy components interact with MD membranes and accumulate at the membrane surface. This understanding may allow better control of performance of membrane distillation via better mitigation of fouling.The high hydrophobicity of MD membranes can result in the establishment of hydrophobic interactions between the membrane and any solutes that have hydrophobic components, such as proteins and fats. While hydrophilic coatings may be a possible avenue to reduce the fouling that results from these hydrophobic interactions [5][6][7], simple uncoated membranes have advantages in terms of lower cost and can be easier to manage over time as there is no requirement to maintain a specialised surface coating.There are numerous studies on fouling phenomena occurring with dairy components [8][9][10][11][12][13], however little can be found on the actual mechanisms behind the fouling. Most studies focus on membrane performance, not investigating kinetics behind fouling phenomena observed. In cases wh...

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Section: Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (Icpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fouling mechanisms of dairy streams during membrane distillation

Hausmann

Sartipy

Vasiljevic

et al. 2013

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…Usually, dry ashing and wet or conventional (hotplate) methods 12 have been used for mineral analyses but these procedures are time-consuming and give relatively low concentration readings. Microwave digestion provides rapid analysis and satisfactory results for metals in food [13][14][15] . Minerals determination is an active topic in analytical science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Micro minerals in Milk from Farm and Pasture-reared Cow, Goat and Camel; using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry

Elhardallou¹,

Elnaggar²

2016

Orient. J. Chem

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This study covers raw fresh milk of cow, goat and camel (farm and pasture-reared), in addition to two brands of commercial milk samples, liquid milk of powder origin and drinking yoghurt samples. Camel milk showed a relatively lower pH range (6.15 -6.46) compared cow, goat and commercial milk. The pH of drinking yoghurt was found (4.35 -4.47).Microwave digestion, was selected followed by mineral analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry. Micro minerals; Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb, ranged from not detected to 23.4+0.52mg/L for Fe while Sr (0.32+0.005 -2.51+0.043 mg/L) and Zn (1.58+0.01 -8.91+0.14 mg/L) in all milk samples.

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“…Mekanik ayrılmış broiler etlerinin rutubet tayini için Sartorius MA 30 (USA) rutubet tayin cihazı kullanılmıştır (7). Kül miktarının belirlenmesi, TS-1746-ISO 936 metoduna göre yapıl-mıştır (8 (24,28,33).…”

Section: Materyal Ve Metotunclassified

Mekanik olarak ayrılmış broiler etlerinin (MABE) bazı mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal niteliklerinin belirlenmesi

ŞİRELİ¹

2014

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Özet: Bu çalışma, mekanik olarak ayrılmış broiler etlerinin (MABE) bazı mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla materyal olarak 100 adet mekanik olarak ayrılmış kanatlı eti kullanılmıştır. Mekanik olarak ayrılmış broiler etlerinin kuru madde, rutubet, protein, yağ, kül ve pH ortalama değerleri sırasıyla % 36.10, % 63.89, % 14.04, % 20.18, % 1.09 ve 6.6 olarak saptanmıştır. Araştırmada, kalsiyum (Ca) değeri 674.01 mg/kg ve fosfor (P) değeri ise 503.38 mg/kg olarak ölçülmüştür. Mikrobiyolojik analiz sonuçlarına göre aerob mezofil genel canlı sayısı 6.64 log kob/g, Enterobacteriaceae spp. 3.95 log kob/g, mikrokok/stafilokok 5.12 log kob/g, Pseudomonas spp. 4.24 log kob/g, maya/küf 2.19 log kob/g olarak saptanmıştır. Koliform bakteri ve E.coli sayısı <3-45 EMS/g arasında bulunmuştur. Araştırmada, koagulaz pozitif stafilokokların belirlenmesi için 395 şüpheli izolat elde edilmiştir. Bu izolatlardan 20'si (% 5.06) koagulaz pozitif stafilokok olarak saptanmıştır. Koagulaz pozitif izolatların 7'si S.aureus olarak identifiye edilmiştir. İzolatların % 42.85'inin (3/7) enterotoksin A, % 28.57'sinin (2/7) enterotoksin D, % 14.28'inin (1/7) enterotoksin A ve B ve % 14.28'inin (1/7) enterotoksin A, B ve C'yi ürettiği saptanmıştır. Çalışmada örneklerin % 30'nun Salmonella spp. ile kontamine olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; MABE'ye ait olan bazı kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analiz sonuçlarının Türk Gıda Kodeksi yasal limitlerinin üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar sözcükler: Kimyasal kalite, mekanik ayrılmış broiler eti (MABE), mikrobiyolojik kalite, S. aureus, Salmonella spp. Determination of some microbiological and chemical quality of mechanically seperated broiler meatsSummary: This study was made for defining some microbiological and chemical properties of mechanically deboned broiler meats. For this; a hundred mechanically seperated broiler meat were used, as a material. Mean value of dry matter, humidity, protein, lipid, ash and pH of deboned chicken meats were; 36.10%, 63.89%, 14.04%, 20.18%, 1.09% and 6.6 respectively. At research, calcium and phosphorus analysis have been made by Inductively Coupled Plasma, ICP and mean calcium and phosphorus values were 674.01 mg/kg and 503.38 mg/kg. According to microbiological analysis results; mean aerob mesophile total viable count 6.64 log cfu/g, Enterobacteriaceae spp. 3.95 log cfu/g, Micrococcus/Staphylococcus 5.12 log cfu/g, Pseudomonas spp. 4.24 log cfu/g, yeast/mold 2.19 log.cfu/g. Analysis of coliform group bacteria and E.coli has been made according to MPN techniques. Number of coliform bacteries were <3-45 MPN/g and E.coli were <3-45 MPN/g. At research, for determining coagulase positive staphylococcus; 395 suspect isolates were achieved. 20 of these isolate; were identified as coagulase positive staphylococcus. Seven of total 20 coagulase positive isolates were defined as S. aureus. To determine enterotoxin production ability of S. aureus; Ridascreen SET A, B, C, D, E tests were used. Eventually; 42.85% (3/7) enterot...

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Determination of major and minor elements in dairy products through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after wet partial digestion and neutron activation analysis

Cited by 68 publications

References 10 publications

Fouling mechanisms of dairy streams during membrane distillation

Fouling mechanisms of dairy streams during membrane distillation

Determination of Micro minerals in Milk from Farm and Pasture-reared Cow, Goat and Camel; using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry

Mekanik olarak ayrılmış broiler etlerinin (MABE) bazı mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal niteliklerinin belirlenmesi

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