Determination of metabolites of xenobiotics in the bile of fish from polluted waterways

Abstract

An h.p.l.c.-fluorescence technique was used to estimate relative concentrations of metabolites of xenobiotics in bile of 103 English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from both polluted and minimally polluted (reference) sites in Puget Sound, WA. Fish from polluted sites had concentrations of xenobiotics in bile with naphthalene-, phenanthrene- and benzo[a]pyrene-like fluorescence that averaged 9, 14 and 19 times, respectively, those of fish from reference sites. Within a polluted site, fish with liver lesions had significantly higher bile concentrations of xenobiotics with benzo[a]pyrene-like fluorescence than did fish without liver lesions. Individual metabolites of fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, biphenyl and dimethylnaphthalene were determined by g.l.c.-mass spectrometry in extracts of hydrolysed bile of three English sole from polluted waterways; concentrations ranged from 90 to 19000 ng/g, wet wt. Other xenobiotics were tentatively identified, but not quantified.

Monitoring PAH contamination in the field (South west Iberian Peninsula): Biomonitoring using fluorescence spectrophotometry and physiological assessments in the shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) (Crustacea: Decapoda)

“…Coastal marine waters and sediments receiving anthropogenic inputs can contain a large variety of xenobiotics that are potentially toxic to aquatic organisms (Krahn et al, 1984) (Kennish, 2002). One group of chemicals of particular concern are the highly lipophilic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are ubiquitous pollutants of the marine environment.…”

“…This property was first developed for environmental monitoring purposes as a rapid, inexpensive screening method to detect PAH metabolites in fish bile and used HPLC in combination with a fluorescence detector to process test samples. This technique has subsequently been implemented as a monitoring tool in several environmental monitoring programmes (Krahn et al, 1984;Stagg, 1998;Aas et al, 2000a;2001) and has been further developed for use in analysing the presence or absence of PAH metabolites in crustacean urine by (Watson et al2002). Metabolites in shore crab (Carcinus maenas) urine were analysed at specific fluorescence wavelengths for naphthalene-, pyrene-and benzo[a]pyrene-type compounds.…”

Terrestrial Wildlife Exposed to Agrochemicals: An Ecological Risk Assessment Perspective

“…Changes in hormone metabolism may also be used as an indicator of pollutant exposure, including changes in plasma-luteinizing hormone concentrations [94] and effects on steroidogenesis [95]. Other biomarkers may include measurement of bile metabolites for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [96] and chlorinated phenolics [97], glycogen, and sulfhydryl concentrations [78]; glutathione peroxidase activity [78]; perturbations in glutathione metabolism; alterations in specific heme biosynthetic pathway enzymes and in hemedependent processes; changes in 6-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase [98], and porphyrin profile changes.…”

Avaliação da biodisponibilidade dos HPAs em Mugil curema do Estuário de Santos e de Cananéia através da análise de metabólitos de HPAs em bile de peixes

“…Para o presente trabalho foi escolhido o método de analise dos metabólitos biliares, que são considerados excelentes biomarcadores de exposição recente aos HPAs (Krahn et al, 1984), pois diminuem com o passar do tempo, se este organismo não mais for exposto ao composto (Collier et al, 1996;Hugget et al, 2003).…”

“…Trabalhos de pesquisa demonstraram que a presença dos metabólitos biliares de HPAs possui uma correlação com os níveis de exposição dos peixes a estes compostos (van der Oost et al, 1994;Yu et al, 1995), fazendo com que muitos trabalhos usem esta análise para avaliar a contaminação de uma região (Krahn et al, 1984;Inzunza et al, 2006;Silva et al, 2006;Meador et al, 2008).…”