Determination of Metals in Crude Oil by Atomic Spectroscopy

Hardaway, Carey J.; Sneddon, Joseph; Beck, James N.

doi:10.1081/al-200035776

Cited by 63 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Particularly for crude oil, most of the methods use some type of sample preparation followed by spectroscopic measurements. 1,4 Advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of these methods have been reported recently. 5−8 The use of conventional wet acid digestion methods is the most common choice today for trace elemental analysis of hydrocarbons using as detection technique inductively coupled plasma technology, OES/AES (optical emission spectroscopy/atomic emission spectroscopy; which effectively represent the same method and technology), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental Analysis of Crude Oils Using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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Trace elemental analysis using microwave-induced plasma (MP) generated by nitrogen gas was employed as an atomization and excitation source for emission spectrometric (microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, MP-AES) analysis for crude oil samples. Nitrogen gas produced from air through a gas generator, and in combination with an external gas control module (EGCM) used to introduce air into the plasma, leads to a stable robust microwave-induced plasma, enough to perform the analysis of crude oil samples with different API values, sulfur (0.5−5 wt %) and nitrogen (500 −2500 mg/kg) by direct dilution in a o-xylene diluent. Excellent detection limits and spike recoveries at low and high concentration levels were determined for Ni, V, Fe, Ca, and Na in crude oil matrix. The recoveries obtained from the analysis of the three quality control (QC) test materials were within ±10% of the actual/certified values. Comparable results for Ni and V as well as the V/(V + Ni) ratio in crude oils between nitrogen plasma and conventional argon plasma such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were achieved in terms of precision, relative standard deviation, and recoveries for the concentration range from 2 to 230 mg/kg.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental Analysis of Crude Oils Using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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“…Operating conditions are listed in Table 3. The selection of instrumental parameters and optical wavelength were based on obtaining good sensitivity, reasonable detection limits, and eliminating interferences (Gumgum and Hamamci, 1993;Hardaway et al, 2004). 231.604 nm has been chosen as spectral wavelength for nickel analyses.…”

Section: Reagents and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical fractionation of nickel in asphaltite based bottom ash

Aydın

Kılınç

et al. 2013

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Asphaltite, originating from petroleum, contains many kinds of mineral elements derived from its generation. These elements exist in different forms which may change throughout the asphaltite combustion process. Chemical fractionation of nickel (Ni) is necessary for risk assessment of asphaltite based bottom ash (ABBA). This study presents the concentration and fractionation of Ni in bottom ash of asphaltite (Sirnak, SE Anatolia, Turkey). Determination of total Ni in ash was performed in two stage microwave-acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Dry ashing is used for the almost complete elimination of organic materials prior to analyte determination. A seven-step sequential extraction process to fractionation of Ni from ABBA was investigated. Total Ni concentration in the ABBA was found to be 568.15 mg kg -1 .

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“…Trace metal pollution of the environment depends on the toxicity and concentration of each metal in crude oil. High concentrations of metals in water and soil can be harmful to land, marine animals and plants, upsetting delicate ecological balances and contaminating food sources (Hardaway et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural radioactivity and trace metals in crude oils: implication for health

Ajayi

Torto

Tchokossa

et al. 2008

Environ Geochem Health

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Crude oil samples were collected from six different fields in the central Niger Delta in order to determine their natural radioactivity and trace element contents, with the aim of assessing the radiological health implications and environmental health hazard of the metals, and also to provide natural radioactivity baseline data that could be used for more comprehensive future study in this respect. The activity concentrations of the radionuclides were measured using a well, accurately calibrated and shielded vertical cryostat, Canberra coaxial high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector system, and the derived doses were evaluated. The metal concentrations were determined by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopic (GFAAS) method. The radionuclides identified with reliable regularity belong to the decay series of naturally occurring radionuclides headed by (238)U and (232)Th along with the non-decay series radionuclide, (40)K. The averaged activity concentrations obtained were 10.52 +/- 0.03 Bq kg(-1), 0.80 +/- 0.37 Bq kg(-1) and 0.17 +/- 0.09 Bq kg(-1) for (40)K, (238)U and (232)Th, respectively. The equivalent doses were very low, ranging from 0.0028 to 0.012 mSv year(-1) with a mean value of 0.0070 mSv year(-1). The results obtained were low, and hence, the radioactivity content from the crude oils in the Niger delta oil province of Nigeria do not constitute any health hazard to occupationally exposed workers, the public and the end user. The concentrations of the elements (As, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se and V) determined ranged from 0.73 to 202.90 ppb with an average of 74.35 ppb for the oil samples analysed. The pattern of occurrence of each element agreed with the earlier studies from other parts of the Niger Delta. It was obvious from this study and previous ones that the Niger Delta oils have low metal contents. However, despite the low concentrations, they could still pose an intrinsic health hazard considering their cumulative effects in the environment. Also, various studies on the impact of oil spillage and activities of oil exploration and production on organisms in the immediate environment suggest this.

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Determination of Metals in Crude Oil by Atomic Spectroscopy

Cited by 63 publications

References 23 publications

Elemental Analysis of Crude Oils Using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Elemental Analysis of Crude Oils Using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Chemical fractionation of nickel in asphaltite based bottom ash

Natural radioactivity and trace metals in crude oils: implication for health

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