Determination of microstructure and composition in butadiene and styrene-butadiene polymers by near-infrared spectroscopy

Miller, Charles E.; Eichinger, B. E.; Gurley, Thomas W.; Hermiller, James G.

doi:10.1021/ac00216a011

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…11,[13][14][15][16] In contrast, chemometric multivariate analysis methods can be successfully applied to process control from spectral acquisitions in a nondestructive, fast, 17 and even real-time manner. Multivariate methods have been widely applied to determine the composition of polymer blends, [18][19][20][21][22] since they allow a more exhaustive interpretation of the infrared spectral data which allows determining and weighting the relative proportions of the components in an elastomeric blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supervision of Ethylene Propylene Diene M-Class (EPDM) Rubber Vulcanization and Recovery Processes Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis

2016

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Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber is widely used in a diverse type of applications, such as the automotive, industrial and construction sectors among others. Due to its appealing features, the consumption of vulcanized EPDM rubber is growing significantly. However, environmental issues are forcing the application of devulcanization processes to facilitate recovery, which has led rubber manufacturers to implement strict quality controls. Consequently, it is important to develop methods for supervising the vulcanizing and recovery processes of such products. This paper deals with the supervision process of EPDM compounds by means of Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and suitable multivariate statistical methods. An expedited and nondestructive classification approach was applied to a sufficient number of EPDM samples with different applied processes, that is, with and without application of vulcanizing agents, vulcanized samples, and microwave treated samples. First the FT-IR spectra of the samples is acquired and next it is processed by applying suitable feature extraction methods, i.e., principal component analysis and canonical variate analysis to obtain the latent variables to be used for classifying test EPDM samples. Finally, the k nearest neighbor algorithm was used in the classification stage. Experimental results prove the accuracy of the proposed method and the potential of FT-IR spectroscopy in this area, since the classification accuracy can be as high as 100%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supervision of Ethylene Propylene Diene M-Class (EPDM) Rubber Vulcanization and Recovery Processes Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis

2016

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“…During the upcoming discussion of quantitative calibration methods, a specifi c example involving NIR transmission spectroscopy of 70 different styrene -butadiene copolymers [52] will be used help illustrate these methods. In this example, complete laboratory NMR analyses of all of the copolymers were available, which for each sample provided the concentrations of the four known chemical components: cis -butadiene, trans -butadiene, 1,2 -butadiene, and styrene.…”

Section: Quantitative M Odel B Uildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometrics in Process Analytical Technology (PAT)

Miller

2010

Process Analytical Technology

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“…Because the absorptivities of vibrational overtone and combination bands in NIR region are orders of magnitude lower than that of vibrational fundamental bands in infrared region, this can greatly increase penetration depth 23 (usually from 5 to 10 mm), and improve the accuracy and precision of the results. NIR has been used for quantitative analysis for plastic [24][25][26][27] and single synthetic rubber, 23,28,29 and SBR (styrenebutadiene rubber)/NBR (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) as well. 6 However, up to date, little work has been reported on NIR analysis towards natural rubber (NR) blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and nondestructive quantitative analysis of natural rubber blends regardless of geographical origin and harvest time of the natural rubber

Liu

Guo

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Natural rubber (NR) blends are widely used in many industries because of their excellent integrated properties. However, a simple, easily operational, nondestructive, and accurate method for their quantitative analysis remains as a challenge. This has been always an important issue in the related industries, particularly for their daily quality control tests. One main reason is that NR ingredients vary according to their geographical origin and the harvest time, which renders it hard to set up a versatile analytical protocol for all NRs. Another reason is owing to the defects of the established methods themselves as having been revealed in those relying on TGA, Py-GC/MS, FTIR, and ATR-FTIR. In this study, a simple and feasible method based on near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric is proposed to solve this problem for the first time. NR/SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) rubber blend, the most widely used NR blend, is selected as a typical research subject. Spectral calibration region, factor, and several different pretreatment methods are applied on the spectra data to optimize calibration models. The result shows the optimized calibration model provides a good accuracy (0.135 wt %), intraday precision (0.121 wt %) and interday precision (0.132 wt %) for 3 months. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41423.

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Determination of microstructure and composition in butadiene and styrene-butadiene polymers by near-infrared spectroscopy

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Supervision of Ethylene Propylene Diene M-Class (EPDM) Rubber Vulcanization and Recovery Processes Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis

Supervision of Ethylene Propylene Diene M-Class (EPDM) Rubber Vulcanization and Recovery Processes Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis

Chemometrics in Process Analytical Technology (PAT)

Rapid and nondestructive quantitative analysis of natural rubber blends regardless of geographical origin and harvest time of the natural rubber

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