Determination of mixtures of urinary benzoic, 3- and 4-methylbenzoic, and mandelic acids by gas chromatography

Wieczorek, H.; Trojanowska, B; Dramiński, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00334842

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…2). The limits of detection and quantification were the same or comparable as in case of GC/FID methods reported in the literature (Carvalho et al 1991;Guillemin and Bauer 1976;Kataoka et al 1991;Korn et al 1984;Morin et al 1981;Roosmalen and Drummond 1978;Wieczorek et al 1979).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Several separate gas chromatographic methods with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) have been described for the measurement of MA (Korn et al 1984;Wieczorek et al 1979), MA and PGA (Guillemin and Bauer 1976), 3-MHA and 4-MHA (Morin et al 1981), HA and 3-MHA (Carvalho et al 1991), HA and 2-, 3-, 4-MHAs (Kataoka et al 1991), and MA, PGA, HA and 3-MHA (Roosmalen and Drummond 1978). The important limitations of these methods are that the packed columns applied cannot be coupled to a mass selective detector and have much lower resolution than that of capillary columns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous determination of styrene, toluene, and xylene metabolites in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Szűcs

Tóth

Legoza

et al. 2002

Archives of Toxicology

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Exposure to styrene, toluene, and xylene (STX) frequently occurs in various industrial settings leading to several adverse health effects. Therefore, the biological monitoring by determination of urinary mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA), hippuric acid (HA), and 2-, 3-, and 4-methylhippuric acids (2-, 3-, and 4-MHAs), the metabolites of STX, is required or at least recommended in case of workers exposed by these agents. Considering the fact that co-exposure to STX frequently occurs, methods that have been described for the separate analysis of these compounds in urine samples cannot be used effectively for monitoring. Therefore, a reliable gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of these metabolites. Following solid phase extraction of the urine samples, the extracts were silylated and analyzed by GC/MS using a HP-5MS capillary column. The method was evaluated for linearity, limits of detection and quantification, and specificity, as well as for precision, extraction efficiency, and stability at three different concentrations prepared in urine. The assay was linear up to 0.16 mg/ml for MA, and 0.32 mg/ml for PGA, HA, and 2-, 3- and 4-MHAs. The limits of detection and quantification of STX metabolites varied between 0.001 and 0.02 mg/ml, and from 0.01 to 0.04 mg/ml, respectively. The within-day and between-day precision, determined at low, medium, and high concentrations, ranged from 2 to 12% and 2 to 19%, respectively. The extraction efficiency was 70-80%. No degradation of the metabolites occurred in the urine samples under the possible working conditions. The method was applied for the analysis of the urine samples from exposed workers. The cost- and time-effectiveness, the technical advantages and validity parameters of this GC/MS analysis make it suitable for biological monitoring of mixed exposure to styrene, toluene and xylene.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of styrene, toluene, and xylene metabolites in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Szűcs

Tóth

Legoza

et al. 2002

Archives of Toxicology

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Evaluation of low exposure to styrene

Wieczorek

Piotrowski²

1985

Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath

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Volunteers (six men and one woman) were exposed by inhalation to styrene within the concentration range of 20 to 200 mg/m3. The average retention of styrene vapours in the respiratory tract was 71%. The yield of styrene metabolism measured within 24 h was 39 and 17% for mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid, respectively. The determination of mandelic acid in urine collected immediately after the exposure was applied as exposure test. The excretion rate of this metabolite assured the best correlation with the absorbed dose. The relative standard deviations of the test related to actual dose level vary, depending on the analysed concentration range, from 0.21 to 0.33. Quantitative interpretation of the test is possible for styrene concentrations in the air exceeding 20 mg/m3. The concentration amounting to 100 mg/m3 (TLV) corresponds with the mandelic acid excretion rate of 15 mg per hour.

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Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites in human blood and urine

Angerer¹,

Hörsch²

1992

Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applicatio

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Determination of mixtures of urinary benzoic, 3- and 4-methylbenzoic, and mandelic acids by gas chromatography

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Simultaneous determination of styrene, toluene, and xylene metabolites in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Simultaneous determination of styrene, toluene, and xylene metabolites in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Evaluation of low exposure to styrene

Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites in human blood and urine

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