Determination of Multiple Forms of Esterases in Rhizobium by Paper Electrophoresis

Murphy, Patricia; Masterson, Christine

doi:10.1099/00221287-61-1-121

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, with the exceptions of the studies of Pinero et al (31) and Eardly et al (11), the reported electrophoretic studies on Rhizobium species have been based on only a few enzyme loci. However, these studies have shown that numerous allelic variants exist for those loci examined (13,14,18,27,28,45,46). In this study, we examined 44 different enzyme loci, of which 28 loci provided staining of sufficient intensity and resolution for reliable genetic interpretation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, allozyme data have proven valuable for characterizing strains in epidemiological studies (12), ecological studies (6), population structure (39), and systematics (37). With the exceptions of the recent studies of Pinero et al (31) and Eardly et al (11), most studies on Rhizobium strains (13, 14,18,27,28,45,46) have been based on the examination of a limited number of loci, which has precluded a reliable estimate of genetic relationships among the strains examined.…”

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Genetic Diversity among Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifolii Strains Revealed by Allozyme and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analyses

Demezas

Reardon

Watson

et al. 1991

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Allozyme electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were used to examine the genetic diversity of a collection of 18 Rhizobium kguminosarum bv. trifolii, 1 R. kguminosarum bv. viciae, and 2 R. meliloti strains. Ailozyme analysis at 28 loci revealed 16 electrophoretic types. The mean genetic distance between electrophoretic types of R. leguminosarum and R. meliloti was 0.83. Within R. keguminosarum, the single strain of bv. viciae differed at an average of 0.65 from strains of bv. trifolii, while electrophoretic types of bv. trifolil differed at a range of 0.23 to 0.62. Analysis of RFLPs around two chromosomal DNA probes also delineated 16 unique RFLP patterns and yielded genetic diversity similar to that revealed by the allozyme data. Analysis of RFLPs around three Sym (symbiotic) plasmid-derived probes demonstrated that the Sym plasmids reflect genetic divergence similar to that of their bacterial hosts. i2hE large genetic distances between many strains precluded reliable estimates of their genetic relationships.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Genetic Diversity among Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifolii Strains Revealed by Allozyme and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analyses

Demezas

Reardon

Watson

et al. 1991

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…At that time R. loti was distinguished from other fast-growing rhizobia on the basis of flagellation (l), esterase patterns (14), response to isoflavonoids (18), plant nodulation (11,12), internal antigens (23), electrophoresis of soluble cellular proteins (19,20), and DNA relatedness (4,8). More recently, cellular fatty acid analysis was used to reveal differences, useful for identification purposes, between strains of R. loti and strains of the genus Agrobacterium and other Rhizobium or Sinorhizobium species (10).…”

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Transfer of Rhizobium loti, Rhizobium huakuii, Rhizobium ciceri, Rhizobium mediterraneum, and Rhizobium tianshanense to Mesorhizobium gen. nov.

Jarvis

Berkum

Chen

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

374

188

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Reasons are advanced for removal of Rhizobium ciceri, Rhizobium huakuii, Rhizobium loti, Rhizobium mediterraneum, and Rhizobium tianshanense from the genus Rhizobium and for establishment of Mesorhizobium gen. nov. for these species. A description of the genus Mesorhizobium and amended descriptions of Mesorhizobium ciceri, Mesorhizobium huakuii, Mesorhizobium loti, Mesorhizobium mediterraneum, and Mezorhizobium tianshanense are provided.In a review of root nodule symbioses by Vincent (22), the fast-growing rhizobia associated with Lotus comiculatus and Lupinus densiflorus were recognized as a separate group which merited a specific designation, and the name Rhizobium loti was tentatively proposed for it. Approval for the designation of R. loti as a new species was also voiced at a roundtable discussion on Rhizobium taxonomy associated with the 4th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation at Canberra, Australia, in 1980. The subsequent publication of the new species in 1982 (9) enabled it to be included in a revised taxonomy of the Rhizobiaceae presented by Jordan in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (12).At that time R. loti was distinguished from other fast-growing rhizobia on the basis of flagellation (l), esterase patterns (14), response to isoflavonoids (18), plant nodulation (11, 12), internal antigens (23), electrophoresis of soluble cellular proteins (19,20), and DNA relatedness (4, 8). More recently, cellular fatty acid analysis was used to reveal differences, useful for identification purposes, between strains of R. loti and strains of the genus Agrobacterium and other Rhizobium or Sinorhizobium species (10). All of these methods differentiate species but give little indication of the relationships between species and genera.A n early indication of the relationship among R. loti, other Rhizobium species, and Sinorhizobium and Agrobacterium species was obtained by studying the intergeneric similarities of rRNA cistrons (7). The results of this analysis indicated that Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhizobium galegae, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Sinorhizobium fredii, Agrobacterium tumefaciens (biovar l), and Agrobacterium rhizogenes (biovar 2) were all more closely related to one another than they were to R. loti. Subsequent analyses of 16s rRNA gene sequences of species in these genera have confirmed, refined, and extended this observation (21,24,25); the levels of 16s ribosomal DNA sequence similarity between R. loti and other Rhizobium and Agrobacterium species are around 93.5%. Consequently, there has been considerable support for the establishment of a separate genus for R. loti and related root nodule bacteria (5, 13, 27).The original description of R. loti (9) clearly indicated that fast-growing Lotus rhizobia formed part of an extensive plant cross-inoculation group involving plant species in the genera Lupinus, Ornithopus, Lotus, Anthyllis, Caragena, Astragalus, Ononis, Genista, and Mimosa. Jarvis et al. also indicated that the fast-growing Lotus rhizobia were related to rhizobia obtained from s...

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“…(16), and Rhizobium spp. (19,20,34,35,50,51). Isozyme studies of Frankia strains have already presented evidence for diversity in some enzymes (40,45).…”

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Isozyme Variation among 40 Frankia Strains

Gardes

Bousquet

Lalonde

1987

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Forty Frankia strains belonging to the Alnus and Elaeagnus host specificity groups and isolated from various plant species from different geographical areas were characterized by the electrophoretic separation of isozymes of eight enzymes. All the enzyme systems that were investigated showed large variation. Diaphorases and esterases gave multiple band patterns and confirmed the identification of specific Frankia strains. Less variability was observed with enzymes such as phosphoglucose isomerase, leucine aminopeptidase, and malate dehydrogenase, which allowed for the delineation of larger groups of Frankia strains. Cluster analysis, based on the pair-wise similarity coefficients calculated between strains, delineated three large, dissimilar groups of Frankia strains, although each of these groups contained a large amount of heterogeneity. However, numerous Frankia strains, mainly from the Alnus host specificity group, demonstrated a perfect homology for all the enzymes tested.

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Determination of Multiple Forms of Esterases in Rhizobium by Paper Electrophoresis

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Genetic Diversity among Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifolii Strains Revealed by Allozyme and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analyses

Genetic Diversity among Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifolii Strains Revealed by Allozyme and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analyses

Transfer of Rhizobium loti, Rhizobium huakuii, Rhizobium ciceri, Rhizobium mediterraneum, and Rhizobium tianshanense to Mesorhizobium gen. nov.

Isozyme Variation among 40 Frankia Strains

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