Determination of naringin and naringenin in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing solid-phase extraction

Ishii, Kazuo; Furuta, Takahisa; Kasuya, Yasuji

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00474-x

Cited by 64 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Previous studies of naringin (naringenin-7-O-rhamnoglucoside) metabolism have suggested that sugar moiety cleavage, by gut microflora a-rhamonosidases, is the first step of this pathway, leading to the formation of naringenin, which undergoes rapid glucuronidation or sulphatation in the intestine or liver (Fuhr & Kummert, 1995;Felgines et al 2000;Scalbert & Williamson, 2000). Most studies have applied enzymatic hydrolysis with sulphatase and glucuronidase in order to identify the aglycone naringenin, and thus the individual metabolic profiles are lost during the hydrolysis procedure (Fuhr & Kummert, 1995;Ishii et al 1996Ishii et al , 1997Hollman et al 1999;Erlund et al 2001;Bugianesi et al 2002;Manach et al 2003;Zhang & Brodbelt, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and pharmacokinetics of grapefruit flavanones in beagles

et al. 2007

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The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of three different grapefruit flavanone forms in dog plasma and demonstrated their absorption after an oral intake of a grapefruit extract; pharmacokinetic parameters of these forms were also determined. Ten healthy beagles were administered 70 mg citrus flavonoids as a grapefruit extract contained in capsules, while two additional dogs were used as controls and given an excipient. The grapefruit flavanone naringin, along with its metabolites naringenin and naringenin glucuronide, was detected in dog plasma. Blood samples were collected between 0 and 24 h after administration of the extract. Naringin reached its maximun plasma concentration at around 80 min, whereas naringenin and naringenin glucuronide reached their maximun plasma concentrations at around 20 and 30 min, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations of naringin, naringenin and naringenin glucuronide (medians and ranges) were 0·24 (0·05-2·08), 0·021 (0·001 -0·3) and 0·09 (0·034-0·12) mmol/l, respectively. The areas under the curves were 23·16 l (14·04 -70·62) min £ mmol/for nariningin, 1·78 (0·09 -4·95) min £ mmol/l for naringenin and 22·5 (2·74 -99·23) min £ mmol/l for naringenin glucuronide. The median and range values for mean residence time were 3·3 (1·5 -9·3), 2·8 (0·8 -11·2) and 8·0 (2·3 -13·1) h for naringin, naringenin and naringenin glucuronide, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate the absorption of grapefruit flavanones via the presence of their metabolites in plasma, thus making an important contribution to the field since the biological activities ascribed to these compounds rely on their specific forms of absorption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and pharmacokinetics of grapefruit flavanones in beagles

et al. 2007

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“…Kim et al (46) have reported on the in vitro cytotoxicity for various flavonoids in a number of cells lines. The IC 50 (50% inhibition concentration) for cell growth was > 1 mM for both naringenin and hesperetin in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2, the Macacus' rhesus monkey kidney cell line MA-104, and the human lung cancer cell line A549. The results of these studies indicate that these flavonoids have relatively low toxicity in cell culture.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, a number a studies have detected naringenin in human urine (3,29,50,64,92) and plasma (3,29) following oral doses of pure naringin (3,50) or grapefruit juice (3,29,64,92). Hesperetin has been detected also in human urine (3,92) and plasma (3) following doses of pure compound or orange juice.…”

Section: Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large percentage of naringenin absorbed in humans appears in the urine as naringenin glucuronides (29,50,64), indicating that conjugation, presumably within the intestine or liver (29), may play a major role in the metabolism of this compound. Naringenin has also been reported to be a substrate for a UDP glucuronosyl transferase (33).…”

Section: Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study (9), a single, 2-g oral dose of naringin was administered to a human volunteer with no deleterious effects. Naringin has also been administered to humans at oral doses of 500 mg with no adverse responses (3,50). Kim et al (46) have reported on the in vitro cytotoxicity for various flavonoids in a number of cells lines.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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