Soil samples were collected from various regions of Baghdad, Iraq's capital, and the activity concentration was determined using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th,) Bq/Kg, (11.13-12.00) Bq/Kg, and (108.12-213.45) Bq/Kg, respectively. Radium equivalent activity, internal and external hazard indices, air absorbed dose rate, and annual effective doses have been calculated to find the radiological effects. The parameters were found to be less than the reported values. As a result, the radioactivity in the study area presents no radiological risk to the public. Finally, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was used to determine the concentration elements of uranium and thorium in soil samples; the average concentration elements are (11.13-12.00) with uranium and (11.13-12.00) with thorium.