Determination of nitrate in estuarine waters.  Comparison of a hydrazine reduction and a brucine procedure, and modification of a brucine procedure

Kahn, Lloyd; Brezenski, Francis T.

doi:10.1021/es60006a005

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Salinity was adjusted 34 ppt with Instant Ocean Synthetic Sea Salts. Nitrate levels were determined after the method of Kahn and Brezenski, 1967. Nitrite levels were determined by a modification of Strickland and Parsons (1968).…”

Section: The Screen Wasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilities And Methodology For The Culture Of The Southern Sea Bass (Centropristis melana)¹

Roberts

Harpster

Havens

et al. 1976

Proceedings of the annual meeting - World Mariculture Society

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A closed system was designed for mass culture of marine finfish larvae. Southern sea bass (Centropristis melana) brood stock were collected in the Gulf of Mexico during January‐March, 1975, their natural spawning season. Brood stock were maintained in a simulated spawning environment of 17–19 C temperature and 10 hr L:14 hr D photo‐period. Vitellogenesis of ovarian oocytes remained in the tertiary yolk globule stage in females held under these conditions and males would release milt freely upon manual stimulation. Final oocyte maturation and spawning were induced with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and manual spawning techniques. Approximately 2,500 larvae were reared in three trials using 2,000–liter silo tanks with biological filtration. Laboratory reared rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) were solely used as food the first 4 days after feeding began. Wild plankton, rotifers, Artemia nauplii, and prepared flake were also used as larvae developed. Greatest larval survival from hatching was 10.0%. Larvae grew from 2.78 mm to 9.0 mm in 24 days; the greatest growth rate occurred after day 14. Physiological edema was observed in two trials affecting 30–50% of the larvae. Physiological edema appears to be the principal constraint to successful rearing of sea bass larvae.

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Section: The Screen Wasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilities And Methodology For The Culture Of The Southern Sea Bass (Centropristis melana)¹

Roberts

Harpster

Havens

et al. 1976

Proceedings of the annual meeting - World Mariculture Society

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“…The extraction procedures and the sulfur and chloride compound analysis are essentially the same as those described by Junge (1966). The nitrate analysis was done using the "modified" procedure of Kahn & Brezenski (1967).…”

Section: Sampling Instrumentation and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of aerosols and droplets in California stratus II

Ludwig¹,

Robinson²

1971

Tellus

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Size distributions of aerosols and droplets were observed in stratus in the hills south of San Francisco during the summers of 1968 and 1969. Instrumentation included a Royco light-scattering particle counter, a condensation nuclei counter, and a settling tunnel. The average size distributions showed primary modes at submicron sizes on clear days, during cloud formation and dissipation, and in the developed cloud. A broad secondary mode of about 3 droplets cm-3 p.-l was found at a radius of 5 p. in the cloud. A somewhat sharper mode of 0.9 cm-3 p.-l at 8-p. radius was found in the average size distribution for dissipating clouds. During periods of cloud onset, the secondary mode is not well developed. Timesection analyses of particle and droplet spectra are given, and these show that there is considerable temporal variability in the spectra. The time-section analyses fail to confirm the general trend of the droplet mode toward larger sizes with time, as predicted by some numerical calculations of condensation processes. Analyses of the chloride, sulfur compound, and nitrate content of the aerosols and droplets are presented. The amounts of sulfur compounds and nitrates relative to chlorides are too high for the principal source of these materials to have been sea salt, unless the chlorides had been lost through some chemical process.

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“…For example, the alkaloid brucine, obtained from the seeds of the Strychnine tree (Strychnos nux-vomica L.), was described as early as 1863 for the determination of nitrate and nitric acid, 6 and was in common usage for nitrate determination until the 1970's. [7][8][9][10] However, it was not until the 1990's that the chemical basis of the brucine-based nitrate determination was thoroughly investigated and explained. Interestingly, the brucine method was largely superseded as a standard method 11,12 by a supposedly better method involving Cd-reduction of nitrate followed by diazotization and coupling with N-1-naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form a diazo dye (the Griess reaction).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The case for the use of unrefined natural reagents in analytical chemistry—A green chemical perspective

et al. 2010

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An important part of the Green Chemistry philosophy is the need to develop and adopt green analytical techniques and procedures. These include the reduction of reagent and solvent usage, the minimization of solid, liquid and gaseous materials produced by analytical processes, the replacement of reagents and solvents of high occupational or environmental toxicity with much more innocuous materials, and the reduction of energy use in analytical processes. One aspect that has received little attention in this context is the use of unrefined natural reagents derived from plant and animal tissues or microbial cells. Crude plant extracts may contain chemical compounds that enable their use as indicators in acid-base or redox titrations, or as chromogenic or fluorogenic agents. Enzymes extracted from plants may be used directly in soluble form, or incorporated in biosensors or solid phase reactors, for analytical measurements, or as a means of removing interferences or performing speciation studies. The use of natural reagents in conjunction with a flow injection system can confer a number of advantages. The enhanced kinetic control that flow analysis offers may assist in avoiding undesirable side reactions that would otherwise occur using unpurified reagents. The lifetime of natural reagents may be prolonged when used in a flow analysis system because their exposure to light or air can be controlled. Any changes in response that do occur may be readily corrected by regular standard checking and recalibration. This article reviews the use of natural reagents with an emphasis on flow-based analytical systems, and makes the case for further research in this latent area of green analytical chemistry.

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Determination of nitrate in estuarine waters. Comparison of a hydrazine reduction and a brucine procedure, and modification of a brucine procedure

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Facilities And Methodology For The Culture Of The Southern Sea Bass (Centropristis melana)¹

Facilities And Methodology For The Culture Of The Southern Sea Bass (Centropristis melana)¹

Observations of aerosols and droplets in California stratus II

The case for the use of unrefined natural reagents in analytical chemistry—A green chemical perspective

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Determination of nitrate in estuarine waters. Comparison of a hydrazine reduction and a brucine procedure, and modification of a brucine procedure

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Facilities And Methodology For The Culture Of The Southern Sea Bass (Centropristis melana)1

Facilities And Methodology For The Culture Of The Southern Sea Bass (Centropristis melana)1

Observations of aerosols and droplets in California stratus II

The case for the use of unrefined natural reagents in analytical chemistry—A green chemical perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Facilities And Methodology For The Culture Of The Southern Sea Bass (Centropristis melana)¹

Facilities And Methodology For The Culture Of The Southern Sea Bass (Centropristis melana)¹