Determination of nitrites and nitrates in plasma‐activated deionized water by microchip capillary electrophoresis

Abstract

In this work, we present the application of a fast and sensitive microanalytical method, microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE), for the determination of NO2− and NO3− ions in deionized water treated by atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The MCE technique consisted of an online combination of isotachophoresis with zone electrophoresis, both performed on the microchip. The argon plasma has been characterized by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). OES confirmed the presence of argon excited species (Ar I) emission (4p → 4s) lines, N2 emission bands (second positive system C3Πu → B3Πg), and OH band (A2∑+ → X2Π Δv = 0), as well as the presence of NO and excited NO2. The presence of NO2 molecules was also confirmed by FTIR absorption spectroscopy. The performance of the developed MCE method was evaluated for linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, precision, and accuracy, and the concentration of NO2− and NO3− in the water as a function of the water treatment time was monitored.

Nitrite Determination in Environmental Water Samples Using Microchip Electrophoresis Coupled with Amperometric Detection

“…As shown in Table 2 , well-established analytical techniques have provided better LOD values. However, most of the examples exploring these techniques require bulky and costly instrumentation, which are restricted to a few research groups and are not compatible with portability, making their in-field use difficult [ 3 , 24 , 26 , 44 , 59 , 60 ]. Furthermore, when compared to paper-based devices [ 38 , 43 ], the portability of ME–AD has a noticeably lower appeal.…”

“…Nevertheless, paper-based devices can suffer interference from other ions, as well as limiting the possibility of using some solvents due to their interaction with the platform material [ 10 , 17 , 42 , 43 ]. Another alternative is the use of microchip electrophoresis (ME) devices due to their potential for portability and high separation efficiency, short analysis time, reduced sample consumption, and low waste generation [ 44 ]. In addition, ME devices can be manufactured on different materials including glass, silicon, polymers, threads, 3D printing filaments toner, and paper-based platforms on paper or polymers [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Lanthanide Molecular Species Generated Fe3O4@SiO2-TbDPA Nanosphere for the Efficient Determination of Nitrite

“…methods and so on [7][8][9][10][11]. Although these methods have considerable sensitivity and detection limits, most of them require complex equipment and instruments and tedious operational procedures and skills, which lack realistic operability and make it difficult to achieve highly sensitive, selective, qualitative and quantitative detection of NO2 − [12][13][14].…”

“…Because of the toxicity of NO 2 − ions, the accepted maximum contaminant levels (MCL) of NO 2 − ions in drinking water are regulated to be 214.2 μM by the World Health Organization (WHO) and 71.4 μM by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [ 6 ]. Traditional methods for the detection of NO 2 − are given as spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography, gas chromatography, electrophoresis, electrochemical methods and so on [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Although these methods have considerable sensitivity and detection limits, most of them require complex equipment and instruments and tedious operational procedures and skills, which lack realistic operability and make it difficult to achieve highly sensitive, selective, qualitative and quantitative detection of NO 2 − [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Review on oxidative stress relation on COVID-19: Biomolecular and bioanalytical approach

“…Moreover, in case of viral infection to COVID-19, carcinogenic N-nitrosamines could be formed out of nitrite and its derivatives reactions with secondary amines and amides [227] . Abundant methods have been successfully employed for NO x determination and among them spectrophotometric [228] , chemiluminescent [229] , chromatographic [230] , capillary electrophoresis [231] and spectrofluorimetry [232] can be named as conventional classic ones. Table 2 shows some applied electrochemical methods for NO x determination.…”