Determination of off-gassing and self-heating potential of wood pellets – Method comparison and correlation analysis

Sedlmayer, Irene; Arshadi, Mehrdad; Haslinger, Walter; Hofbauer, Hermann; Larsson, Ida; Lönnermark, Anders; Nilsson, Carl-Axel; Pollex, Annett; Schmidl, Christoph; Stelte, Wolfgang; Wopienka, Elisabeth; Bauer-Emhofer, Waltraud

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.07.117

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It has limited shortcomings, such as low bulk and energy densities, handling problems, irregular sizes, low fixed carbon, high volatile content, low heating value, low combustion efficiency, etc. (Crawford et al 2015 ; Sedlmayer, et al 2018 ; Pimchuai et al 2010 ). Most of the time, these limitations usually make it difficult for biomass to be used as fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview

Ibitoye

Jen

Mahamood

et al. 2021

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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The global demand for sustainable energy is increasing due to urbanization, industrialization, population, and developmental growth. Transforming the large quantities of biomass resources such as agro-residues/wastes could raise the energy supply and promote energy mix. Residues of biomass instituted in the rural and industrial centers are enormous, and poor management of these residues results in several indescribable environmental threats. The energy potential of these residues can provide job opportunities and income for nations. The generation and utilization of dissimilar biomass as feedstock for energy production via densification could advance the diversity of energy crops. An increase in renewable and clean energy demand will likely increase the request for biomass residues for renewable energy generation via densification. This will reduce the environmental challenges associated with burning and dumping of these residues in an open field. Densification is the process of compacting particles together through the application of pressure to form solid fuels. Marketable densification is usually carried out using conventional pressure-driven processes such as extrusion, screw press, piston type, hydraulic piston press, roller press, and pallet press (ring and flat die). Based on compaction, densification methods can be categorized into high-pressure, medium-pressure, and low-pressure compactions. The common densification processes are briquetting, pelletizing, bailing, and cubing. They manufacture solid fuel with desirable fuel characteristics—physical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and combustion characteristics. Fuel briquettes and pellets have numerous advantages and applications both in domestic and industrial settings. However, for biomass to be rationally and efficiently utilized as solid fuel, it must be characterized to determine its fuel properties. Herein, an overview of the densification of biomass residues as a source of sustainable energy is presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview

Ibitoye

Jen

Mahamood

et al. 2021

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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“…Gas emission analysis has been used before assessing oxidation processes related to self-heating and self-ignition of biomasses [42,43]. A fast and direct technique to detect the beginning of the self-combustion process consists of analyzing the air surrounding the stored or transported material in order to detect the presence of certain gases, such as CO and CO 2 , which are characteristic products of combustion reactions.…”

Section: Gas Emission Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size Influence on the Transport Classification Labels and Other Flammability Characteristics of Powders

et al. 2020

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Dust explosions and fires pose an industrial safety problem, due to the human and material losses caused by them. As many fuel processes and material transport generate powder particles, the effect of granulometry in different flammability properties has been studied to define the relationship between both. Deep knowledge of this relationship reduces the self-ignition and self-combustion processes, and the accidents associated with these processes. In this study, six different samples, including biomass, charcoal, and dog food, are tested in three different particle sizes, so differences in their flammability behavior could be appreciated (not only considering fine particles, but also coarse samples). The transport classification test was carried out, obtaining significant results in two samples, where the same material did not self-ignite when tested at its coarse size, but it did when tested at fine particle size. Similar results were obtained when analyzing initial temperature for related-combustion gasses emission: the finer the particle size, the lower the initial temperature. To understand the heat mechanisms, thermal analyses were performed, such as thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, a self-ignition risk was assessed for all samples according to their activation energy and characteristic temperature. All the test results lead to conclude that biomasses easily start self-heating process, but its composition difficult the heat transmission to reach self-ignition, while charcoals are more susceptible to self-ignition.

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“…Tumuluru et al suggested that CO emission from woody biomass was due to oxidation of chemical compounds in the materials [16]. Sedlmayer et al found that wood extractives like fatty and resin acids were correlated with NMVOC emissions, but not CO emissions, from wood pellets [17]. According to Alakoski et al, chemical oxidation of fatty acids is the dominant mechanism for gas emissions from wood pellets, while biological degradation plays a more significant role in emissions from wood chips [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Moisture on Gas Emissions from Stored Woody Biomass

Lau

Sokhansanj

2019

Energies

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Biomass materials have been increasingly used due to their renewable nature. The problems occurring during the storage of fresh woody materials include gas emissions and dry matter losses as a result of degradation. The objective of this study was to investigate and quantify the effect of moisture content on gas emissions from stored wood chips. Experiments were conducted under non-aerobic and aerobic conditions using fresh Western Red Cedar (WRC) chips with different initial moisture contents over a range of temperatures. The peak CO2 emission factor of 2.9 g/kg dry matter (DM) was observed from high moisture chips at 20 °C under non-aerobic conditions after two-month storage, which was an order of magnitude greater than that from low moisture chips. In the case of volatile organic compounds, a range of compounds were detected from all tests. The concentration of VOCs was found to be positively correlated with moisture content. Gas emissions from the aerobic reactors exhibited similar trends as non-aerobic reactors with respect to the effect of moisture content, although higher values were observed under aerobic conditions. Slight reduction of dry mass from all tests at the end of storage indicated the decay-resistance characteristics of WRC.

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Determination of off-gassing and self-heating potential of wood pellets – Method comparison and correlation analysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview

Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview

Particle Size Influence on the Transport Classification Labels and Other Flammability Characteristics of Powders

Effect of Moisture on Gas Emissions from Stored Woody Biomass

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