“…The detection limit was estimated to be 0.48 μM (S/N=3), which was calculated by the equation: C L =KS o /S, where C L is the detection limit, K is a constant related to the confidence level, according to the suggestion of IUPAC, K=3 (99 % confidence), S o is the standard deviation of the blank measurements (N=9) and S is the slope of the calibration curve. The result was smaller than the previous reported values of 6.2 μM by HPLC [2], 0.2 mM on palladium nanoparticleloaded carbon nanofiber composites-modified carbon paste electrode (Pd/CNF-CPE) [7], 0.09 mM on a bienzymatic amperometric biosensor [9], 12.0 μM on MWCNT/GCE [14], 0.51 mM on GCE [17] and 0.05 mM on graphitepolystyrene composite electrode [37].…”