Determination of oxidative stress and activities of antioxidant enzymes in guinea pigs treated with haloperidol

Abstract

Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) were treated with haloperidol (HP), and free radical (FR) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine oxidative stress levels. Furthermore, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity levels were detected and glucose levels and the reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio were measured in HP-treated and untreated guinea pigs. The present study demonstrated that the administration of HP causes significant oxidative stress in guinea pigs (P=0.022). In animals treated with HP, the activity of GST was significantly increased compared with a placebo (P= 0.007). The elevation of SOD and GR activity levels and increase in the levels of glutathione (GSH) in HP-treated animals were not statistically significant. In the HP-untreated animals, a significant positive correlation was observed between oxidative stress detected by the FR method and GST (r=0.88, P=0.008) and SOD (r=0.86, P= 0.01) activity levels, respectively. A significant negative correlation between the levels of plasma glucose and oxidative stress detected by the FRAP method was observed (r=−0.78, P=0.04). Notably, no significant correlations were observed in the treated animals. In the HP-treated group, two subgroups of animals were identified according to their responses to oxidative stress. The group with higher levels of plasma HP had higher enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species production compared with the group with lower plasma levels of HP. The greatest difference in activity (U/μl) between the two groups of animals was for GR.

Can Cranberry Juice Protect against Rotenone-Induced Toxicity in Rats?

“…Antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma are commonly determined in animal experiments to examine the induction of oxidative stress by toxicants or diseases and protective effects of natural compounds of plant origin [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Conversely to the findings in tissues, ROT did not affect any of the enzymes assayed what could be ascribed to the low level of oxidative stress.…”

Dietary taurine improved growth performance, nutrient utilization, and antioxidant enzyme activities in pangasius Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

“…Catalase completes the detoxification process initiated by SOD by reducing hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) into water and molecular oxygen (Chelikani, Fita, & Loewen, 2004;Marklund, Midander, & Westman, 1984). GSTs are enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of GSH to electrophilic substrates, thus producing compounds that are generally less reactive and more soluble (Gumulec et al, 2013). The antioxidant activity of taurine was found to be associated with an improved mitochondrial function where it serves as a regulator of mitochondrial protein synthesis and enhances electron transport chain activity preventing oxidant production (Jong, Azuma, & Schaffer, 2012).…”

Antioxidant Properties of Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Focus on Microglia

“…Another way through which haloperidol leads to oxidative stress phenomena is related to its ability to modulate cell metabolism; in fact, it has been shown that the treatment with this drug is also able to induce mitochondrial activity that in turn leads to an enhancement of ROS production in the whole blood of rats [ 108 ]. In an in vivo study carried out by Gumulec et al using guinea pigs ( Cavia porcellus ) treated with haloperidol, two sub-groups of animals were identified according to their responses to oxidative stress; in particular, the sub-group of animals with higher haloperidol plasma levels had increased ROS production compared with the animals with lower levels of drug in their plasma [ 109 ].…”

“…In an in vivo study carried out by Gumulec et al using guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) treated with haloperidol, two sub-groups of animals were identified according to their responses to oxidative stress; in particular, the sub-group of animals with higher haloperidol plasma levels had increased ROS production compared with the animals with lower levels of drug in their plasma [109].…”