Determination of pain intensity, pain-related disability, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress in Polish adults with temporomandibular disorders: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

BackgroundThere is a need to assess a relationship between the psychoemotional state of patients and the occurrence and the intensity of pain and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in relation to a Polish population. There are no such precision data in the literature relating to the population of big Eastern European country. The study conducted by the authors refer to a large group of male and female adult patients of the Polish population in a different age profile. As a result, this study provides a picture of the situation that also takes into account population characteristics that may affect the clinical situation of patients.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the pain intensity, pain-related disability, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress among Polish adults with TMD as well as the association between psychosocial impairment and TMD.Materials and methodsThis prospective cohort study included 219 adult patients from the Outpatient Clinic for Temporomandibular Disorders at the Academic Dental Polyclinic in Wroclaw. The patients completed validated questionnaires, and received a TMD diagnosis based on a standardized examination (Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) performed by a qualified dentist. A statistical analysis was carried out on the collected data.ResultsMyalgia was the most commonly diagnosed condition among the TMD patients. Furthermore, the prevalence of perceived stress, anxiety, and depression was high in the studied sample. Females showed more depression symptoms than males, while the level of anxiety and stress was similar in both groups. The most statistically significant correlation was observed between the group of masticatory muscle disorders and the level of depression, stress, pain intensity, and pain-related disability.ConclusionDue to the high prevalence of increased levels of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress, it is essential to screen the psychosocial status of Polish TMD adult patients. Psychosocial status may have an impact on a studied patient’s response to treatment and pain intensity, and pain-related disability. Therefore, Polish TMD adult patients should be provided with management based on an interdisciplinary approach.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT05183503].

Investigation of the relationship between probable sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and temporomandibular disorders using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD)

“…Trauma, anatomical differences, genetic predisposi tion, the psychological status, and parafunctional habits are among the TMD risk factors. [2][3][4][5][6] Activities such as chewing gum, yawning, squeezing objects between the teeth, playing wind instruments, supporting the jaw with the hands, and chewing on one side are all considered to be parafunctional habits. 7 Such parafunctional habits lead to the overuse of the temporomandibular joints and the surrounding muscles.…”

Anxiety mediates association between sex and jaw function limitation in temporomandibular disorder patients from China

“…A bidirectional relationship between TMD and anxiety is thought to exist and multiple psychological variables can serve as predictors of TMD ( 20 ). Several studies have pointed to a higher prevalence of anxiety in patients with TMD compared to healthy individuals ( 16 , 21 , 22 ). And psychosocial disorders play an important role in the development of TMD ( 11 , 23 ).…”

Etiologic Factors of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review of Literature Containing Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) from 2018 to 2022

“…The persistent and progressive manifestation of symptoms deteriorates the quality of life and psychological well-being, which potentially impacts existing psychiatric ailments like depression, chronic stress, and anxiety. Wiackiewicz et al suggest that Polish patients with TMD have heightened levels of anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and pain intensity, recommending screening assessments utilizing Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Perceived Stress Scale-10, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [ 10 ]. Seweryn et al [ 11 ] proved that a large number of TMD patients experiencing poor sleep quality and the associated reduced life satisfaction; these parameters should be considered as influential factors that modify the management of patients with TMD.…”