Determination of part-per-trillion levels of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Thornton, D. C.; Bandy, A. R.; Ridgeway, Robert G.; Driedger, A. R.; Lalevic, Marija.

doi:10.1007/bf00053779

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Most FPD-based systems require preconcentration of 1 to 10 L of sample air for analysis of ambient sulfur gases. GC methods with mass selective detection (MSD) have also been employed in the measurement of atmospheric sulfur compounds [Thornton, 1990]. The MSD relies on the detection of molecular fragments of preselected mass in a sensitive mass spectrometer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atmospheric measurements of carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide,and carbon disulfide using the electron capture sulfur detector

Johnson¹,

Bates²

1993

J. Geophys. Res.

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Measurements of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS), carbonyl sulfide (COS), and carbon disulfide (CS2) were conducted over the Atlantic Ocean on board the NASA Electra aircraft during the Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation (CITE 3) project using the electron capture sulfur detector (ECD‐S). The system employed cryogenic preconcentration of air samples, gas chromatographic separation, catalytic fluorination, and electron capture detection. Samples collected for DMS analysis were scrubbed of oxidants with NaOH impregnated glass fiber filters prior to preconcentration. The detection limits (DL) of the system for COS, DMS, and CS2 were 5, 5, and 2 ppt, respectively. COS concentrations ranged from 404 to 603 ppt with a mean of 489 ppt for measurements over the North Atlantic Ocean (31°N to 41°N), and from 395 to 437 ppt with a mean of 419 ppt for measurements over the Tropical Atlantic Ocean (11°S to 2°N). DMS concentrations in the lower marine boundary layer, below 600‐m altitude, ranged from below DL to 150 ppt from flights over the North Atlantic, and from 9 to 104 ppt over the Tropical Atlantic. CS2 concentrations ranged from below DL to 29 ppt over the North Atlantic. Almost all CS2 measurements over the Tropical Atlantic were below DL.

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Atmospheric measurements of carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide,and carbon disulfide using the electron capture sulfur detector

Johnson¹,

Bates²

1993

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…81 Teflon, também inerte, é o material mais comumente usado em colunas empacotadas para análise de CRE. 23,35,47,50,[55][56][57][58][59][82][83][84][85] Os empacotamentos mais utilizados na análise desses compostos são: Chromosil 310 ou 330, 23,35,57,59,82,86 Carbopack B ou BHT, 10,50,55,56,58,60 Supelpak S, 85 Éter polifenil / H 3 PO 4 sobre Chromosorb T, 87 Porapack QS. 47,84,88,89 As colunas capilares de sílica fundida feitas de sílica especialmente purificada contendo quantidades mínimas de óxidos metálicos têm suficiente inércia, ocorrendo poucos problemas de adsorção, além da alta resolução, facilitando assim a análise de traços de compostos de enxofre.…”

Section: Cromatografia Gasosaunclassified

Métodos de amostragem e análise para compostos reduzidos de enxofre atmosférico

Cruz¹,

Campos²

2008

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 16/3/07; aceito em 18/9/07; publicado na web em 19/3/08 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REDUCED SULPHUR COMPOUNDS. This work presents a review of sampling and analytical methods that can be applied to atmospheric traces of reduced sulphur compounds (RSC) in the atmosphere. Sampling methodology involving discontinuous methods with preconcentration is mostly used. For the most part, adsorption on solids and cryogenic capture are applied as a procedure. The analysis of these compounds has been done mainly by gas chromatography with FPD, fluorescence and spectrophotometry. Advantages and disadvantages of the methodologies are also mentioned in this paper, aiming to guide the reader towards the most appropriate choice of a sampling and analytical method for RSCs.Keywords: reduced sulphur compounds; air sampling; trace analysis. INTRODUÇÃOA amostragem de componentes traços atmosféricos tem se tornado um desafio constante, pois sendo o ar um sistema heterogêneo e multifásico, constituído de gases, partículas líquidas, sólidas e heterogêneas, cuja composição varia espacial e temporalmente, é provavelmente a matriz ambiental mais difícil para se obter amostras representativas. 1A exigência por técnicas exatas, confiáveis e sensíveis para o monitoramento de componentes traços atmosféricos tem aumentado continuamente. As razões para isto incluem não apenas a crescente preocupação com a qualidade ambiental, mas também o fato da poluição atmosférica não ser um problema apenas local. Adicionalmente, informações seguras sobre componentes do ar são necessárias para o entendimento do seu comportamento químico e físico na atmosfera, e para identificar, solucionar ou controlar um problema ambiental.Exceto os componentes principais que se mantêm constantes na atmosfera através de suas taxas de formação e de decaimento, as espécies químicas encontram-se geralmente em concentrações muito baixas na atmosfera, devido a processos de dispersão e diluição. Desta forma, o método de amostragem utilizado deve ser o mais eficiente possível, devendo-se tomar cuidados específicos para evitar problemas, que uma vez ocorridos nesta etapa, não poderão ser corrigidos posteriormente durante a análise.De maneira geral, entre os aspectos mais relevantes a serem considerados no planejamento de uma amostragem estão: os objetivos do trabalho, que influenciam diretamente na escolha do mé-todo de amostragem, ao lado das concentrações esperadas do analito, a disponibilidade de dados meteorológicos, o transporte e estocagem das amostras e as condições de análise.Um sistema ideal de amostragem de ar deve atender aos seguintes requisitos: a amostra deve ser representativa da matriz; o procedimento de amostragem deve ser simples, para que possa ser utilizado em qualquer região (inclusive em áreas remotas); o tamanho da amostra obtida deve ser compatível com a sensibilidade do método analítico e, não devem ocorrer perdas e/ou degradação da amostra durante o período de amostragem, ou durante o tempo entre a amostragem e a análise.1,2 A...

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“…This approach has been automated for improved time resolution [Andreae et al, 1994]. Another approach has involved cryogenic collection of DMS at liquid argon temperature [e.g., Bates et al, 1990;Quinn et al, 1990;Thornton and Bandy, 1993] or liquid oxygen temperature [Saltzman and Cooper, 1988] with GC/FPD analysis. Thornton et al [1990] have developed a method based on isotopic dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and this method has been applied for samples collected aboard ship over the northeast Pacific Ocean [Bandy et al, 1992].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach has involved cryogenic collection of DMS at liquid argon temperature [e.g., Bates et al, 1990;Quinn et al, 1990;Thornton and Bandy, 1993] or liquid oxygen temperature [Saltzman and Cooper, 1988] with GC/FPD analysis. Thornton et al [1990] have developed a method based on isotopic dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and this method has been applied for samples collected aboard ship over the northeast Pacific Ocean [Bandy et al, 1992]. These and other noncontinuous measurement methods have been intercompared successfully as part of the CITE 3 program [Hoell et al, 1993;Gregory et al, 1993].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suppression of the DMS signal by water vapor can be quite significant, so it is necessary to either remove water from the ion source or characterize the effect of water and develop correction factors. Recently, Hofmann et al[1992] andThornton and Bandy [1993] have shown that a Nation drier can be used to remove moisture from ambient air without affecting DMS. Studies in our laboratory have confirmed this observation, and we plan to use this approach in the future, to maximize the TAGA sensitivity to…”

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Observations of dimethyl sulfide over the western North Atlantic Ocean using an airborne tandem mass spectrometer

Spicer¹,

Kenny²,

Chapman³

et al. 1996

J. Geophys. Res.

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An atmospheric sampling tandem mass spectrometer has been evaluated for aircraft monitoring of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and then used for DMS monitoring during portions of six flights over the western North Atlantic Ocean. Laboratory evaluations demonstrated that the mass spectrometer is highly selective for DMS, and responds linearly over a wide range of mixing ratios. The detection limit for DMS is 1–2 ppt in dry air. However, the response is suppressed in the presence of water vapor, so the sample air must be dried or the response must be corrected for this effect. There appeared to be no consistent effect of altitude/pressure on instrument response. The mass spectrometer was installed on the Battelle Gulf stream G‐1 research aircraft and used to monitor DMS and a number of other chemicals during flights over the western North Atlantic Ocean in August and September, 1992. DMS mixing ratios ranged from <2 ppt to 332 ppt, and were highly variable both horizontally and vertically. Vertical profiles indicated that there are times when the marine boundary layer is stratified by one or more temperature inversions, and that DMS emitted by surface seawater can be confined near the surface within a shallow layer a few hundred meters deep. Under such circumstances, the DMS photooxidation products may be removed rapidly by deposition, lessening the potential for cloud nucleation. The mean DMS mixing ratio in the boundary layer below the lowest observed temperature inversion was 61 ppt, with a range of 7–332 ppt. DMS measurements in the free troposphere were lower than the boundary layer values, but high enough to suggest significant transport from the boundary layer to the free troposphere. Significant horizontal variability was observed during constant altitude flights in the boundary layer. In one case the DMS mixing ratio was observed to vary with the ocean depth under the flight path, with higher mixing ratios observed over the shallower coastal shelf and undersea banks. In several cases we also observed an apparent association between atmospheric DMS mixing ratio at low elevation and sea surface temperature.

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Determination of part-per-trillion levels of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Atmospheric measurements of carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide,and carbon disulfide using the electron capture sulfur detector

Atmospheric measurements of carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide,and carbon disulfide using the electron capture sulfur detector

Métodos de amostragem e análise para compostos reduzidos de enxofre atmosférico

Observations of dimethyl sulfide over the western North Atlantic Ocean using an airborne tandem mass spectrometer

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