Determination of particle size and concentration from spectrophotometric transmission

Bateman, J. B.; Weneck, E.J; Eshler, D.C

doi:10.1016/0095-8522(59)90055-8

Cited by 78 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Refractive indices have been reported for bulk samples (Matheson and Saunderson, 1952;Nikolov and Ivanov, 2000;Sultanova et al, 2003), particles in suspension (Bateman et al, 1959;Smart and Willis, 1967;Ma et al, 2003;French et al, 2007), and aerosol particles (Pettersson et al, 2004;Abo Riziq et al, 2007;Baynard et al, 2007;Lang-Yona et al, 2009;Chartier and Greenslade, 2012). These measurements are nicely summarized by Miles et al (2010), with the exception of the more recent Chartier and Greenslade (2012) result.…”

Section: Comparison Of Psl Refractive Index To Published Valuesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral region

et al. 2013

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Aerosols influence the Earth's radiative budget by scattering and absorbing incoming solar radiation. The optical properties of aerosols vary as a function of wavelength, but few measurements have reported the wavelength dependence of aerosol extinction cross sections and complex refractive indices. We describe a new laboratory instrument to measure aerosol optical extinction as a function of wavelength, using cavity enhanced spectroscopy with a broadband light source. The instrument consists of two broadband channels which span the 360–390 and 385–420 nm spectral regions using two light emitting diodes (LED) and a grating spectrometer with charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. We determined aerosol extinction cross sections and directly observed Mie scattering resonances for aerosols that are purely scattering (polystyrene latex spheres and ammonium sulfate), slightly absorbing (Suwannee River fulvic acid), and strongly absorbing (nigrosin dye). We describe an approach for retrieving refractive indices as a function of wavelength from the measured extinction cross sections over the 360–420 nm wavelength region. The retrieved refractive indices for PSL and ammonium sulfate agree within uncertainty with the literature values for this spectral region. The refractive index determined for nigrosin is 1.78 (± 0.03) + 0.19 (± 0.08)i at 360 nm and 1.63 (± 0.03) + 0.21 (± 0.05)i at 420 nm. The refractive index determined for Suwannee River fulvic acid is 1.71 (± 0.02) + 0.07 (± 0.06)i at 360 nm and 1.66 (± 0.02) + 0.06 (± 0.04)i at 420 nm. These laboratory results support the potential for a field instrument capable of determining ambient aerosol optical extinction, average aerosol extinction cross section, and complex refractive index as a function of wavelength

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Section: Comparison Of Psl Refractive Index To Published Valuesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral region

et al. 2013

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“…(10) (11) We see that the coefficients 'BI and mB I have an intricate dependence on n and r. The fact that at least in some cases the shape of the scattering curves changes little if the product nr remains constant is not apparent from the equations. The effects of this dependence on the data analysis are discussed in section 4.…”

Section: Np;(kr)pi (Nkr)-pi (Kr)p;(nkr) N?)' (Kr)ijj 1 (Nkr)-'?)(kr)mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We used Bateman's dispersion relation [11]. McRae [4] used the same type of instrument that we used and found a stronger size dependence of the refractive index than we did.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and Refractive Index Determination of Single Polystyrene Spheres

Marx¹,

Mulholland²

1983

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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The intensity of the light scattered from individual dielectric spheres was measured as a function of the scattering angle, for light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the scattering plane. These sets of data were used to determine the radius and refractive index of the spheres by fitting the data to the scattering function obtained from Mie theory. The light was produced by a He·Cd laser (A=441.6 om). Measurements were performed on particles of six discrete sizes with radii in the range 117-1175 om. Several different measures of the quality of fit were examined, and the least-squares fit, unweighted or weighted with a factor sin 2 (8/2), was found to be the best. The values obtained for the index of refraction were found to be within 1 % of the published bulk value 1.615. The measured radii differed by several percent from those specified by the manufacturer. Several sources of error were analyzed, and their effects were simulated in numerical experiments. The largest source of error in the instrument was a discrepancy between the actual scattering angle and the reading provided by the instrument. Less significant was the noise introduced by the motion of the particle within the laser beam. A calibration eliminated most of the error in the scattering angle. The precision and accuracy of this technique are estimated to be 0.2% and 0.9%, respectively, of the particle size for particles of a nominal radius of 457 nm.

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“…9. The retrieved imaginary part of the refractive index for these spheres was of the order of 10 −3 for all three wavelengths, slightly higher than the values of around 4 × 10 −4 that have been reported by more sensitive techniques (Bateman et al, 1959;Ma et al, 2003). Figure 10 shows the spectrally dependent distribution of the retrieved dry refractive indices for the 50 chosen SEAC 4 RS cases.…”

Section: Refractive Index Retrievalsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Retrievals of aerosol optical and microphysical properties from Imaging Polar Nephelometer scattering measurements

et al. 2017

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Abstract. A method for the retrieval of aerosol optical and microphysical properties from in situ light-scattering measurements is presented and the results are compared with existing measurement techniques. The Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties (GRASP) is applied to airborne and laboratory measurements made by a novel polar nephelometer. This instrument, the Polarized Imaging Nephelometer (PI-Neph), is capable of making high-accuracy field measurements of phase function and degree of linear polarization, at three visible wavelengths, over a wide angular range of 3 to 177• . The resulting retrieval produces particle size distributions (PSDs) that agree, within experimental error, with measurements made by commercial optical particle counters (OPCs). Additionally, the retrieved real part of the refractive index is generally found to be within the predicted error of 0.02 from the expected values for three species of humidified salt particles, with a refractive index that is well established. The airborne measurements used in this work were made aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC 4 RS) field campaign, and the inversion of this data represents the first aerosol retrievals of airborne polar nephelometer data. The results provide confidence in the real refractive index product, as well as in the retrieval's ability to accurately determine PSD, without assumptions about refractive index that are required by the majority of OPCs.

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Determination of particle size and concentration from spectrophotometric transmission

Cited by 78 publications

References 31 publications

Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral region

Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral region

Size and Refractive Index Determination of Single Polystyrene Spheres

Retrievals of aerosol optical and microphysical properties from Imaging Polar Nephelometer scattering measurements

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